Cyclodextrins classification

Cyclodextrins classification, 920 Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine metal complexes, 34 C.yclohexanc-l,2-dione monooxime metal complexes, 273 Cyclohexane-1,3,5-triamine metal complexes, 50 Cyclohexanone oxime... 

Complexation is one of several ways to favorably enhance the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical compounds. It may loosely be defined as the reversible association of a substrate and ligand to form a new species. Although the classification of complexes is somewhat arbitrary, the differentiation is usually based on the types of interactions and species involved, e.g., metal complexes, molecular complexes, inclusion complexes, and ion-exchange compounds. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are classic examples of compounds that form inclusion complexes. These complexes are formed when a guest molecule is partially or fully included inside a host molecule e.g., CD with no covalent bonding. When inclusion complexes are formed, the physicochemical parameters of the guest molecule are disguised or altered and improvements in the molecule s solubility, stability, taste, safety, bioavailability, etc., are commonly seen. 

Figure 3. Predicted DCS classification of Itraconazole (A) as well as the effect of solubility on fraction absorbed (B). The Spider plot suggest good oral bioavailability at solubility values above 100 pg/mL. The solubility of itraconazole at neutral pH is estimated at 1 ng/mL. Itraconazole can be solubilized in 2-hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin to levels in excess of 10 mg/mL which suggests Class I behavior (C). (See color insert after Index.)...

Loftsson, T. Cyclodextrins and the biopharmaceutics classification system. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 2002, 44 (1-4), 63-67. 

Carbohydrates, Recognition of, p. 169 Carbonic Anhydrase Models, p. 178 Carcerands and Hernicarcerands. p. 189 Cation-n Interactions, p. 214 Cavitands, p. 219 Chiral Guest Recognition, p. 236 Classical Descriptions of Inclusion Compounds, p. 253 Classification and Nomenclature of Supramolecular Compounds, p. 261 Clathrate Hydrates, p. 274 Conzplexation of Fullerenes, p. 302 Concepts in Ciystal Engineering, p. 319 Crown Ethers, p. 326 Cryptands, p. 334 Cryptophanes, p. 340 Cyclodextrins, p. 398... 

Classification and Nomenclature of Supramolecular Compounds, p. 261 Crown Ethers, p. 326 Cryptands, p. 334 Cyclodextrins, p. 398 Cyclodextrins, Applications, p. 405 Dendrimers, p. 432... 

Chiral stationary phases that are currently available can be classified into those containing cavities (cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins, synthetic polymers, crown ethers, and chiral imprinted gels), affinity phases (bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, a-glycoprotein, enzymes), multiple hydrogen-bond phases, Ti-donor and Ti-acceptor phases, and chiral ligand exchange phases. This classification scheme was used in a review that gave numerous pharmaceutical examples of separation by... 

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