Cyanogen chloride, physical/chemical

Chemical/Physical. Kanno et al. (1982) studied the aqueous reaction of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, and naphthalene) with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion. They reported that the aromatic ring was not chlorinated as expected (forming chlorobenzene) but was cleaved by chloramine forming cyanogen chloride (Kanno et al, 1982). 

Chemical/Physical. Under atmospheric conditions, the gas-phase reaction of o-xylene with OH radicals and nitrogen oxides resulted in the formation of o-tolualdehyde, o-methylbenzyl nitrate, nitro-o-xylenes, 2,3-and 3,4-dimethylphenol (Atkinson, 1990). Kanno et al. (1982) studied the aqueous reaction of o-xylene and other aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, w and p-xylene, and naphthalene) with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion. They reported that the aromatic ring was not chlorinated as expected but was cleaved by chloramine forming cyanogen chloride. The amount of cyanogen chloride formed increased at lower pHs (Kanno et al., 1982). In the gas phase, o-xylene reacted with nitrate radicals in purified air forming the following products 5-nitro-2-methyltoluene and 6-nitro-2-methyltoluene, o-methylbenzaldehyde, and an aryl nitrate (Chiodini et ah, 1993). 

Table 6. Physical and chemical properties of agent CK (cyanogen chloride).

The breakthrough time of cyanogen chloride and adsorption capacity are not proportional to the amount of impregnant deposited inside porous structure of lAC samples which indicates that its properties depend on the degree of external layers removal from the particles. By the abrasion of external layers of carbon particles, it is possible to obtain core samples which have different physical and chemical properties in comparison to the starting impregnated active carbon. The removal outer layers leads to better adsorptive-catalytic properties of particles with the increased adsorption capacity of CICN. 

Compounds with different formnlas may have similar physical/chemical behaviors when their molecules are in the same fnnction gronp. For instance, both hydrogen cyanide (H-CN) and cyanogen chloride (CN-Cl) contain the cyanide (CN) function group. Therefore, they act similarly to produce similar effects upon contacting blood cells. 

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