Cyano-substituted-poly

J. Liao and Q. Wang, Ruthenium-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation a new route toward cyano-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s, Macromolecules, 37 7061-7063, 2004. 

A PLED based on the fluorene-PTV copolymer 591 emitted red-orange light (02MI192). Cyano substituted poly(thienylene-viniylene-thienylene) s have been synthesized and tested for their use in photovoltaic devices and field-effect transistors (09JPS(A)4028). 

IDW Samuel, G Rumbles, CJ Collison, SC Moratti, AB Holmes. Intra- and inter-molecular photoexcitations in a cyano-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene). Chem Phys 227 1,2, 75-82, 1998. 

Chen, S.A. and E.C. Chang. 1998. Structure and properties of cyano-substituted poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene)s. Macromolecules 31 4899. 

Liao, L., Y. Pang, L.M. Ding, and EE. Karasz. 2003. Yellow-Kght-emitting cyano-substituted poly (1,3-phenylene vinylene)-aif-(l,4-phenylene vinylene) derivative Its synthesis and optical properties. / Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 41 (20) 3149-3158. 

CioO-CNPPV cyano-substituted poly(2,5-didecyloxy-/7-phenylene vinylene)... 

Holmes, J. L. Bredas, and W. R. Salaneck, Electronic structure of pristine and sodium-doped cyano-substituted poly(2,5-dihexyloxy-p-phenylene-viny-lene) a combined experimental and theoretical study, J. Chem. Phys. 02 % bl (1995). 

Liao, J., Wang, Q. Ruthenium-catalyzed knoevenagel condensation a new route toward cyano-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s. Macromolecules 37, 7061-7063 (2004) Park, L.S., Han, Y.S., Kima, S.D., Kim, D.U. Synthesis of poly (alkoxyphenylene vinylene-co-phenylene vinylene) type copolymers and electro-optic properties. Synth. Met. 117, 237-239 (2001)... 

Horhold et al. and Lenz et al. [94,95]. The polycondensation provides the cyano-PPVs as insoluble, intractable powders. Holmes et al. [96], and later on Rikken et al. [97], described a new family of soluble, well-characterized 2,5-dialkyl- and 2,5-dialkoxy-substituted poly(pflrfl-phenylene-cyanovinylene)s (74b) synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation-polymerization of the corresponding alkyl-or alkoxy-substituted aromatic monomers. Careful control of the reaction conditions (tetra-n-butyl ammonium hydroxide as base) is required to avoid Michael-type addition. 

This process was shown to be general, and a large family of substituted poly-p-xylylenes prepared in which X equals hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano, ester, acyl, and other groupings. Advantages of this process (6, 7, 8, 9,10,11, 13) over previous routes (4) to poly-p-xylylene include... 

Boamfa et al. investigated macroscopic orientation of disubstituted cyano-biphenyl poly(norbornene) IV-n (n=3,5) using different magnetic fields of up to 20 T. Both the degree of orientation and optical properties were compared with a cyanobiphenyl-substituted acrylate polymer with a spacer of four methylene units [49,50]. 

A variety of CEs with tailorable physico-chemical and thermo-mechanical properties have been synthesized by appropriate selection of the precursor phenol [39,40]. The physical characteristics like melting point and processing window, dielectric characteristics, environmental stability, and thermo-mechanical characteristics largely depend on the backbone structure. Several cyanate ester systems bearing elements such as P, S, F, Br, etc. have been reported [39-41,45-47]. Mainly three approaches can be seen. While dicyanate esters are based on simple diphenols, cyanate telechelics are derived from phenol telechelic polymers whose basic properties are dictated by the backbone structure. The terminal cyanate groups serve as crosslinking sites. The polycyanate esters are obtained by cyanation of polyhydric polymers which, in turn, are synthesized by suitable synthesis protocols. Thus, in addition to the bisphenol-based CEs, other types like cyanate esters of novolacs [37,48], polystyrene [49], resorcinol [36], tert-butyl, and cyano substituted phenols [50], poly cyanate esters with hydrophobic cycloaliphatic backbone [51], and allyl-functionalized cyanate esters [52] have been reported. 

The most commonly used polymeric electron donors are PPV and poly(alkyl thiophene)s. Polymeric electron acceptors are cyano substituted PPV and poly(p-pyridyl vinylene). There are also low-molecular-weight electron acceptors, which include fiillerenes and perylene derivatives, such as tetrabenzyl perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate. ... 

It is possible to form substituted poly(p-xylylene)s by starting with substituted structures. Among the compounds reported were chlorinated and brominated compounds as well as some containing alkyl, cyano, acetyl, and carboxymethyl derivatives. When the di-p-xylylenes are unsymmetrically substituted, two homogeneous polymers form during pyrolysis, because the two condense with spontaneous polymerization at two different temperatures. ... 

Fusalba, R, et al. 2000. Poly(cyano-substituted diheteroareneethylene) as active electrode material for electrochemcial supercapacitors. Chem Mater 12 2581. 

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