Cutoff region

When using a switching function in a molecular simulation with a residue-based cutoff it is important that the function has the same value for all pairs of atoms in the two interacting groups. Otherwise, severe fluctuations in the energy can arise when the separation is within the cutoff region. These two contrasting situations can be formally expressed as follows ... 

The MOSEET has three regions of operation. The cutoff region occurs for V g < Up. In this region, the drain-to-source current is the reverse saturation current of the back-to-back source and drain junctions. This leakage current is small but nonzero and allows charge to leak off capacitors which are isolated by cutoff MOSFETs. Because this is how bits are stored in dynamic memory (DRAM) ceUs, DRAMs must be regularly refreshed to retain their memory. 

Just as in the shifted-force method, the taper method replaces a strict cutoff radius by a cutoff region in which the interactions are smoothly tapered to zero. This is done by multiplying the Coulomb potential from r = Ator = B... 

An alternative to the use of a fixed cutoff region is to relate the probability of choosing a solvent molecule to its distance from the solute, usually by some inverse power of the distance... 

In Figure 5.17, the UPS spectra of the cutoff region (a) and the valence region (b) are shown as FisCuPc is deposited onto a 20 nm BP2T film. The HOMO... 

F-distribution tables are given for F(crit) values, that arc equaled or exceeded a certain percentage of the time by chance alone, see Table A5. The F(crit) value cuts off an upper area under the F distribution curve that is equal to a, and if F(calc) falls in this cutoff region, then the null hypothesis is rejected. Tables of F values arc arranged for different... 

The simplest truncation of the interparticle interaction is to make a spherical cutoff (SC) at the particle separation Kcut- For a Coulomb system, this approach suffers from the observation that the net charge of the central particle and the other particles inside the cutoff region is not necessarily zero, which creates undesired artifacts (Sect. 6.1.2). 

The BJT is often used as a switching device, especiaUy in digital circuits, and in high-power appUcations. When used as a switching device, the transistor is switched between the cutoff region in which both junctions are off, and the saturation region in which both junctions are on. In the cutoff region the coUector current... 

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