Custers effect

In 1961 Wiken (11) showed evidence of a negative Pasteur effect as characteristic of all yeast in the genus Brettanomyces. In 1966 Scheffers (12) described this inhibition of alcoholic fermentation under anaerobic conditions as a consequence of the net reduction of NAD" to NADH in Brettanomyces yeast cells he called this a "Custers effect". 

Burk (13) provided an extensive history of the literature up to 1939 on the mechanism hypotheses of a Pasteur effect in biological systems. For further confirmational and mechanistic work on a Custers effect in Brettanomyces, the articles by Scheffers (14), Carrascosa (15), and Wijsman (16) should be consulted. 

Wijsman, M. R., van Dijken, J. P., van Kleeff, B. H., Scheffers, W. A. (1984). Inhibition of fermentation and growth in batch cultures of the yeast Brettanomyces intermedius upon a shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions (Custers effect). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 50(2), 183-192. 

Custer, C.M, Custer, T.W., and Rosiu, C.J. et al. (2005). Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in tree swallows nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, 93-109. 

Custer, T.W., J.C. Franson, and O.H. Pattee. 1984. Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 20 39-43. 

King, K.A., T.W. Custer, and J.S. Quinn. 1991. Effects of mercury, selenium, and organochlorine contaminants on reproduction of Forster s terns and black skimmers nesting in a contaminated Texas bay. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20 32-40. 

Using Brettanomyces claussenii, Custers showed glucose fermentation is inhibited under anaerobic conditions. Glucose was fermented more rapidly under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. He named this inhibitory effect a negative Pasteur effect". Aerobic conditions activated the fermentation of glucose to produce ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and "a considerable amount of acetic acid". Only ethanol and carbon dioxide were produced under anaerobic conditions acetic acid was not. 

With respect to a related measurement. Waring and Custer (2139) review the data on Verdet constants. The magneto-optic studies do not reveal distinctive effects of the H bond. Waring and Custer feel the negative results serve as additional magnetochemical evidence that the H bond occurs as simple electrostatic attraction. ... 

Custer, Christine M Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Bioaccumulation and effects of PCBs on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Massachusetts U.S. EPA, Boston, Massachusetts and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service... 

Cox, D.L., Zawadowski, A., 1999. Exotic Kondo Effects in Retals Magnetic Ions in a Crystalline Electric Field and Tunnelling Centres. Taylor and Francis. Custers, J., Gegenwarl, R, Wilhelm, H., Neumaier, K., Tokiwa, Y., Trovaielli, O., Geibel, C., Steglieh, F., Pepin, C., Coleman, R, 2003. Nature 424, 524. Dahm, T, 2001, unpublished. 

The theory of adsorption forces was developed by London [87,88], de Boer and Custers [89], Lenel [90] and de Boer [91,92]. The studies by Lennard-Jones [93], who proposed the Lennard-Jones attraction - repulsion (6-12) potential used up till now, were of significant importance. Development of mechanics and quantum chemistry (e.g. [94]) had a great effect on understanding the character of... 

Cooney, RV, Custer, LJ, Okinaka, L and Franke, AA (2001) Effects of dietary sesame seeds on plasma tocopherol levels. Nutr. Cancer, 39, 66-71. 

---