Current, capacity catalytic

Our group studied ethylene hydroformylation catalyzed by HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3 in an aqueous-organic biphasic catalytic system, and successfully applied it in the industrial productionin Nanjing, China. The current capacity is 20 000 tons per year. 

The increasing volume of chemical production, insufficient capacity and high price of olefins stimulate the rising trend in the innovation of current processes. High attention has been devoted to the direct ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. A number of mixed oxide catalysts were investigated in propane ammoxidation [1]. However, up to now no catalytic system achieved reaction parameters suitable for commercial application. Nowadays the attention in the field of activation and conversion of paraffins is turned to catalytic systems where atomically dispersed metal ions are responsible for the activity of the catalysts. Ones of appropriate candidates are Fe-zeolites. Very recently, an activity of Fe-silicalite in the ammoxidation of propane was reported [2, 3]. This catalytic system exhibited relatively low yield (maximally 10% for propane to acrylonitrile). Despite the low performance, Fe-silicalites are one of the few zeolitic systems, which reveal some catalytic activity in propane ammoxidation, and therefore, we believe that it has a potential to be improved. Up to this day, investigation of Fe-silicalite and Fe-MFI catalysts in the propane ammoxidation were only reported in the literature. In this study, we compare the catalytic activity of Fe-silicalite and Fe-MTW zeolites in direct ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. 

The identification of the first small molecule HDAC inhibitors in the late seventies triggered an exponential growth in medicinal chemistry activity. Three decades and many thousand compounds later, the availabiUty of diverse HDAC inhibitors such as short-chain fatty acids, hydroxamic acids, benzamides and tetracyclic peptides, has not only enabled the elucidation of the catalytic mechanism underlying the deacetylating capacity of HDACs, but has also assisted in the investigation of the biological role of the various HDAC subtypes. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors are currently being evaluated in the clinic and have shown therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer. 

The most obvious advantages of the oxygen cathode are that it has low weight and infinite capacity. Consequently, prototype D-size cells based on the zinc-air system have been shown to have twice the overall practical capacity of zinc-mercuric oxide cells (and 10 times that of a standard Leclanchd cell) when subjected to a continuous current drain of 250 mA. In the larger industrial cells, energy densities of up to 200 Wh/kg and specific capacities of 150 Ah/dm3 may be obtained. On the other hand, a catalytic surface must be provided for efficient charge transfer at the oxygen cathode, and by its nature the electrode is susceptible to concentration polarization. 

The process specifications on raw material speed through furnaces coils imposed the use of two or four parallel passes, e.g. the fumaees from the atmospherie distillation unit, vacuum distillation unit, catalytic reforming unit, coker unit, catalytic cracking unit. The conventional control structure of radiant section for a typical tubular furnace from the atmospheric distillation unit (output capacity 3.5 Mt/year) is presented in figure 1 [1]. Because the conventional temperature control system only controls one outlet temperature or in the best case the temperature of the mixing point, in current operations there are several situations [1, 2, 3] ... 

Currently, there are more than 700 commercial installations of catalytic reforming units worldwide with a total capacity of about 11.4 million barrels per day (b/d). Table 1 presents a worldwide distribution of catalytic reforming capacity. " About 40% of this capacity is located in North America followed by 20% each in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific region. 

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