Cuprammonium-glycol reaction

One instance where correlation with cuprammonium data appears possible is the reaction between adjacent cis glycol groups and acetone to form isopropylidene derivatives. Although data on the kinetics and equilibria of isopropylidene formation are too meager to prove that reactivity with acetone parallels reactivity with cuprammonium, isolated observations support such a supposition. Knauf, Hann, and Hudson12 have noted the ease of formation of the acetone derivatives of D-mannosan, and this is one of the substances most reactive toward cuprammonium.6 Tipson13 has noted that the optically active 2,3-butanediols react with acetone more readily than the meso form, and this is the order in which these substances react with cuprammonium.14... 

Specific rotations in cuprammonium are based upon the weight of the glycol-containing molecule, not upon the weight of the copper glycol complex. This provision is necessary since the structures and molecular weights of the complexes are unknown. The optical rotations are the result of a reversible reaction, hence they are particularly dependent upon the concentrations of the reactants. The composition of the... 

Among the best-known nonderivatizing solvent systems is a combination between copper, alkali, and ammonia termed Schweizer s reagent. Solutions of cuprammonium hydroxide have been used for both analytical and industrial cellulose dissolution. Regenerated fibers with silk-like appearance and dialysis membrane have been (and partially continue to be) industrial products on the basis of cellulose dissolution in cuprammonium hydroxide. The success of this solvent is based on the ability of copper and ammonia to complex with the glycol functionality of cellulose as shown inO Fig. 11. Because of the potential side reactions (oxidation and crosslinking, Norman compound formation), alternatives to both ammonia as well as copper have been developed. Cuen and cadoxen are related formulations based on the use of ethylene diamine and cadmium, respectively. The various combinations of alkali, ammonia. 

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