Crystalloids dextrose

TABLE 24-3. Electrolyte and Dextrose Content of Selected Crystalloid Fluids... 

Crystalloids consist of electrolytes (e.g., Na+, Cl-, K1) in water solutions, with or without dextrose. Lactated Ringer s solution may be preferred because it is unlikely to cause the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis seen with infusion of large amounts of normal saline. 

Crystalloid solutions consist of electrolytes in water. Crystalloid solutions may be isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic. Isotonic solutions have approximately the same osmolality as plasma and, therefore, may be given rapidly in large volumes into peripheral veins. Hypertonic solutions act to draw water into the extracellular fluid (ECF) from the intracellular fluid and represent a method of rapidly restoring circulating volume at the expense of tissue hydration. Hypotonic solutions are usually only used to correct plasma hypertonicity. Because true hypotonic solutions (e.g. sterile water) cause erythrolysis (Krumbhaar 1914), they can only be given slowly via a central vein (Worthley 1986). For this reason, isotonic solutions containing a metabolizable substrate, such as dextrose, and no electrolytes are usually used. 

Crystalloids Crystalloids are replacement and maintenance fluid therapy. These include dextrose,... 

E. Begin intravenous infusion of normal saline (NS), 5% dextrose in NS (DSNS), 5% dextrose in half NS (D5W 0.45% sodium chloride), or 5% dextrose in water (D5W) at a keep-open rate for children, use 5% dextrose in quarter NS (D5W 0.25% sodium chloride). If the patient is hypotensive (see p 16), NS or another isotonic crystalloid solution is preferred. 

A. Parenteral. Dextrose (d-Glucose) injection, 50%, 50-mL ampules, vials, and prefilled injector 25% dextrose, 10-mL syringes various solutions of 2.5-70% dextrose, some in combination with saline or other crystalloids. 

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