Crystallography VOLUME

The 230 space-group types are listed in full in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A [48], Whenever crystal symmetry is to be considered, this fundamental tabular work should be consulted. It includes figures that show the relative positions of the symmetry elements as well as details concerning all possible sites in the unit cell (cf. next section). 

The different sets of positions in crystals are called Wyckoff positions. They are listed for every space-group type in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A, in the following way (example space-group type Nr. 87, 74/m) ... 

A two-dimensional disorder results when rod-like polymeric molecules are mutually shifted with statistical frequency. Translational symmetry then only exists in the direction of the molecules, and not in the transverse directions. The rod is a three-dimensional object with one-dimensional translational symmetry. Its symmetry is that of a rod group. Layer groups and rod groups are subperiodic groups. They are listed in detail in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume E. 

F. M. Richards, Determination of the Density of Solids, International Tables of Crystallography, Volume C. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic, 1999, p. 141. 

Lamzin, V. S., Perrakis, A. and Wilson, K. S. (2001). The ARP/wARP suite for automated construction and refinement of protein models. In International Tables for Crystallography. Volume F Crystallography of biological macromolecules, Rossmann, M. G. and Arnold, E. eds., pp. 720-722. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 

Hahn, T. (1987). International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A, Reidel, Dordrecht. 

International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, Volume II, Int. Union of Crystallography, The Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1962. 

Rodgers, D.W. 2001. Cryocrystallography techniques and devices. Pp. 202-208 in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume F Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules, M.G. Rossmann and E. Arnold, eds. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers. 

Advanced X-Ray Crystallography Volume Editor Kari Rissanen Vol. 315, 2012... 

In the following discussion, for simplicity we make use of the pair of symmetry diagrams that constitute a representation of space group P2 jc (No. 14) in International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography Volume /, as displayed in Fig. 9.3.4. 

Diagrams showing (a) the general equivalent positions and (b) die symmetry elements in space group P2 /c as presented in International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography Volume I. The bold numerals in the left figure are added for die purpose of discussion. 

T. Hahn (ed.), Brief Teaching Edition of International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A Space-group symmetry, 5th edn. (corrected rpt), Springer, Chichester, 2005. 

Figure 7.18 shows the information provided by the International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, Volume I (and also the newer Volume A) for that most frequent and popular of space groups for organic crystals, P2i /c. The top line in Fig. 7.18 identifies the crystal system (monoclinic), the full international symbol (P 1 2 /c 1), which says that the lattice is primitive (P), that along the... 

The quantities and their symbols given here have been selected from more extensive lists of IUPAP [4] and ISO [5.p]. See also the International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A [62]. 

H. Lipson. Absorption corrections. In International Tables for X-ray Crystallography. Volume II. Mathematical Tables. Section 5. Physics of Diffraction Methods. (Eds., Kasper, J. S., and Lonsdale, K.) pp. 291-312. Kynoch Press Birmingham (1959). 

International Tables for Crystallography Volume A Space group symmetry, ed. Theo Hahn, Published for the International Union of Crystallography by Springer. Fifth edition, April 2002, ISBN 0 7923 6590 9 ISOTROPY, H. T. Stokes and D. M. Hatch, (2002), http // stokes.byu.edu/isotropy.html... 

Crystallography Volume A Space group symmetry ed. Theo Hahn, Published for the International Union of Crystallography by... 

The group of symmetry elements observed in a given crystal is known as its space group. There are 230 possible space groups. These are tabulated in the International Tables for Crystallography (Volume 1 or, more recently updated, Volume A). 

This appendix is based, with permission, on my sections in the new International Tables for Crystallography, Volume C (editor A. J. C. Wilson, 1991). 

Vainshtein, B. K. (1981) Modern Crystallography, Volumes I and II, Berlin Springer Verlag. 

Helliwell, J. R. (1991) Diffraction geometry and its practical realisation in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, Volume C, edited by A.J. C. Wilson, Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Evans, H. T. and Lonsdale, K. (1959) International Tables of Crystallography, Volume II, Birmingham, England Kynoch Press, pp. 161-215. 

Hamilton, W. C. (1974) Angle settings for four-circle diffractometers in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, Volume IV, Birmingham, England Kynoch Press, pp. 273-84. (Present distributor Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.)... 

---