Crystallization in Sol-Gel-Derived Films Raman Spectra

Si02 Ti02/Zr02/Hf02 Glassy Films and Waveguides 

To study crystallization in glass or sol-gels, the usual tool is XRD. However, a small amount of nanocrystals in sol-gels cannot usually be detected by XRD. Like IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy is another powerful tool to investigate the structure of sol-gels. Fiulhermore, Raman spectroscopy is highly sensitive for the investigation of crystallization in sol-gek, especially for small volume fractions of nanocrystals. 

Si02 Sn02 System Glass Films and Waveguides 

In 2010, Tran et al. [41] prepared (100-x)Si02-xSn02 (x = 12-60 mol%) glass-ceramic thin films and waveguides by sol-gel processing. In order to focus the study on the effect of the semiconductor species, these systems were not doped with rare earth ions. Sn02 nanocrystals were nucleated in the silica glassy 

At this point, the low-frequency (boson) peak is often termed a crystalline size peak characteristic of acoustic vibrations of the nanocrystalline domains. Its position can be used to calculate the nanocrystallite size using the following equation [48-50]  

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