Crystalline zinc insulin

Insulin aspart If insulin aspart is mixed with NPH human insulin, draw insulin aspart into the syringe first. Do not mix insulin aspart with crystalline zinc insulin preparations. When used in external subcutaneous infusion pumps for insulin, do not mix with any other insulins or diluent. 

Yokoyama H, Fukumoto S, Koyama H, Emoto M, Kitagawa Y, Nishizawa Y. Insulin allergy desensitization with crystalline zinc-insulin and steroid tapering. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003 61 161-6. 

Diabetic ketoacidosis may either result from or be aggravated by infection, surgery, trauma, shock, emotional stress, or failure to take sufficient amounts of insulin. Treatment is focused on reversing the hypokalemia by administering potassium chloride and on offsetting the acidosis by providing bicarbonate. The dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are treated with appropriate measures and crystalline zinc insulin is administered to counter the hyperglycemia. 

Rat wt.t 345 grams. Tumor wt., 33.8 grams. Dose given at zero time, 6.76 mg. DL-ly sine-6-C14 HCl (383 volts/min. as L -lysine-6-C14) 10% glucose in Ringer s solution 1.35 ml. plus 0.16 unit crystalline zinc insulin per hour by continuous intravenous infusion. Experiment terminated at 6 hours. 1.75 ml. heparinized dialyzed plasma (total C14 activity, 0.49 volt/min.) separated by electrophoresis... 

Isophane insulin suspension This insulin, sometimes called neutral protamine Hagedom, NPH, is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin combined at neutral pH with the positively charged polypeptide, protamine. Its duration of action is intermediate. 

Variations in Dosage Form Insulin solution. Dissolved insulin is dispensed as a clear neutral solution known as regular (R) insulin or crystalline zinc insulin. In emergencies, such as hyperglycemic coma,... 

Tanford and Epstein also determined the titration curve of crystalline zinc insulin, containing one atom of per two insulin molecules. The titration curve of this material differs from that of zinc-free insulin in two ways. (1) Two new groups are titrated for each zinc ion, one near pH 8, the other near pH 12. These presumably represent acidic water molecules attached to Zn... 

Regular insulin (human) is clear solution of zinc insulin. Its time of onset is 30-60 min with peak activity at 2-3 hand duration of 3-6 h. The widely used insulin NPH (neutral protamine Hagedom) is a suspension of zinc insulin co-crystallized with protamine and has a slower onset (2-4 h) with longer time to peak (4-lOh) and duration of action (10-16h). Insulin lente is a suspension of mixed amorphous and crystalline zinc insulin, with onset time of 3-4 h and a duration of 12-18 h. Insulin ultralente, which is a suspension of crystalline insulin with a high zinc content, is the slowest onset (6-10 h) and longest duration (18-20h) of these preparations. Peak plasma concentrations occur after about 10 h with insulin ultralente (36). 

Perhaps the most well-known example of a parenteral suspension formulation is insulin. Many insulin formulations also take advantage of the different physical forms which can be produced when insulin is complexed with zinc. Suspensions of the amorphous form of insulin zinc have a faster onset of action and shorter duration of action compared to those of the crystalline form. In order to provide both a rapid onset and a long duration of action, many formulations are composed of a mixture of amorphous and crystalline zinc insulin. 

Synonyms Regular Insulin Crystalline Zinc Insulin]... 

Mechanism of Action. It has been duly observed that the amorphous zinc-insulin component exerts a dilation of action ranging between 6-8 hours, whereas the crystalline zinc-insulin component ... 

Fig. 11. Crystalline zinc insulins I, regenerated bovine II, half-synthetic sheep III, all-synthetic sheep IV, half-synthetic bovine and V, insulin...

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