Crystal field ATOME program

Entirely general analytical expressions for the matrix elements of equation (4) have been listed for the d-orbital case for an almost arbitrary assembly of charges surrounding a metal atom.5,38 They are reproduced in Appendix 1. By implementing these expressions as a computer program the problem of calculating the d-orbital energies in the crystal field model for any ordinary stereochemistry is made trivial. 

Information content in a powder diffraction pattern is reduced as compared to that in single crystal diffraction, due to the collapse of the three dimensional reciprocal space into a one dimensional space where the only independent variable is the scattering angle. The poorer the resolution of the diffraction method, the less the information content in the pattern (Altomare et al. 1995 David 1999). As a consequence, structure of less complex phases can be determined from power diffraction alone (fewer atoms in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell). However, refinement of the structure is not limited so seriously with resolution issues, so powder diffraction data are used in Rietveld refinement more frequently than in structure determination. Electron powder diffraction patterns can be processed and refined using public domain computer programs. The first successful applications of electron diffraction in this field were demonstrated on fairly simple structures. 

This implementation requires simple modifications in the property part of the CRYSTAL program [23]. A Lowdin population analysis is introduced for self-consistent DM and the bond-order sums are calculated for atoms of the crystal. The lattice summation in (6.76) is made over the same part of the lattice that has been used in the integrals calculation for the self-consistent procedure (the lattice summation field is defined by the most severe tolerance used in the two-electron exchange integrals calculation). ... 

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