Crystal assessment

Tanner BK (1977) Crystal assessment by X-ray topography using synchrotron radiation. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater 1 23-56... 

Hoepfner V, Deringer VL, Dronskowski R (2012) Accurate hydrogen positions in organic crystals assessing a quantum-chemical aide. Cryst Growth Des 12 1014-1021... 

As with chemical etches, developing optimum conversion coatings requires assessment of the microstructure of the steel. Correlations have been found between the microstructure of the substrate material and the nature of the phosphate films formed. Aloru et al. demonstrated that the type of phosphate crystal formed varies with the orientation of the underlying steel crystal lattice [154]. Fig. 32 illustrates the different phosphate crystal morphologies that formed on two heat-treated surfaces. The fine flake structure formed on the tempered martensite surface promotes adhesion more effectively than the knobby protrusions formed on the cold-rolled steel. 

Mulliii, J.W. and Garside, J., 1967. Crystallization of aluminium potassium sulphate a study in the assessment of crystallizer design data I Single crystal growth rates, II Growth in a fluidised bed. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 45, 285-295. 

Apparently, the 1H NMR spectra of 1 //-azepines are invariant over substantial temperature ranges.61 However, temperature dependence has been noted69 in the 13CNMR spectra of some 1 -acyl-1 //-azepines, and is attributed to hindered rotation about the N-CO bond rather than to ring-inversion phenomena AG free enthalpies of activation for hindered rotation of 62-66 kJ moP1 have been calculated. E/Z-rotamcr ratios for l-aroyl-l//-azepines have been assessed and show a slight preference for the -rotamer 22 however, an X-ray structural analysis of l-(4-bromobenzoyl)-2-methyl-3.5,7-triphenyl-l//-azepine demonstrates that in the crystal state it is exclusively in the E configuration.22... 

ACYCLOVIR When given IV, acyclovir can cause crystal-luria (presence of crystals in the urine) and mental confusion. The nurse helps the patient maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria by encouraging the patient to drink 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid each day (if the disease condition permits). In addition, the nurse should give careful attention to assessing the mental status of the patient. 

Crystallization from the liquid metal has been assessed theoretically and experimentally as a purification method for both Sr and Ba After five recrystallizations, metals of 99.9999% purity can be produced. The purification of Ba by zone refining is inefficient, many passes being required for the removal of the other alkaline-earth metals. The application of combined methods (i.e., vacuum distillation plus crystal growthor vacuum distillation plus zone refining ) to the purification of both metals has also been described. 

Color is the result of an absorption measurement, commonly carried out at X 410 nm, to assess the tinge that is often found in crystallization liquors that impact an off-white to yellowish aspect to the crystalline product. 

PRODUCT BFG.xls consists of the chemist s table, a reduced table obtained by casting out data that is not ammenable to statistical analysis such as subjective assessments ( off-white color, characteristic crystal form, pungent smell STEP 1), and the final table that was freed of all inconsistencies by going back to the original data (STEP 2). Various interesting items are highlighted ... 

We thus see that the RFOT theory provides a rather complete picture of vitrification and the microscopies of the molecular motions in glasses. The possibility of having a complete chart of allowed degrees of freedom is veiy important, because it puts strict limitations on the range of a priori scenarios of structural excitations that can take place in amorphous lattices. This will be of great help in the assessment of the family of strong interaction hypotheses mentioned in the introduction. To summarize, the present theory should apply to all amorphous materials produced by routine quenching, with quantitative deviations expected when the sample is partially crystalline. The presence and amount of crystallinity can be checked independently by X-ray. It is also likely that other classes of disordered materials, such as disordered crystals, will exhibit many similar traits, but of less universal character. 

Pto,8Reo,2)ML/Pd/C. Although comparing the activity of the Pt/C electrocatalyst with an average particle size of 3.1 nm with that of PtMu/Pd/C electrocatalyst of 9 nm [Zhang et al., 2004] does not provide an adequate activity assessment because of their different surface areas, this does not adversely affect the main conclusions derived from experiments on single-crystal surfaces. 

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