Cryotransmission electron microscopy

Figures 9d,e show aqueous dispersions of vesicles. The smaller the vesicles, the less probable is an upcoming cross-fracture. Thus the question whether the vesicle is uni- or multilamellar can hardly be answered. At least for fluid vesicle dispersions it is possible to solve the problem with the help of cryotransmission electron microscopy.

M Almgren, K Edwards, J Gustafsson. Cryotransmission electron microscopy of thin vitrified samples. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 1 270-278, 1996. 

Berclaz, N., Blochliger, E., Muller, M., and Luisi, P. L. (2001a). Matrix effect of vesicle formation as investigated by cryotransmission electron microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. 

Norlen, L., Al-Amoudi, A., and Dubochet, J., A cryotransmission electron microscopy study of skin barrier formation, J. Invest. Dermatol., 120, 555, 2003. 

Morphology of MLs and DLs was evaluated by freeze-fracture and cryotransmission electron microscopy. Both liposomes exhibited single unilamellar vesicles (13). 

D. Observation of AOT Reversed Micelles Using Freeze-Fracture Transmission Eiectron Microscopy and Cryotransmission Electron Microscopy... 

Most methods have typically been applied to the investigation of dried nanocellulose dimensions, although a study was conducted by Paakko et al. [47] where the size and size-distribution of enzymatically pretreated nanocellulose fibrils in a suspension were studied using cryotransmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cross-polarization/magic-angle... 

The appearances of superstructure and dispersed membrane particles were investigated by two different transmission electron microscopy techniques, namely cryotransmission electron microscopy and freeze etching microscopy. Experimental details are given at the end of the article. 

Concerning the results obtained with phospholipase A2, a recent cryotransmission electron microscopy study using a venom phospholipase hj and conventional vesicles made from saturated phosphatidylcholines has shown that the vesicles are destabilized upon (exovesicular) enzyme addition, again after a starting lag phase [44]. This is in good agreement with the observations of Section 3.3 [16]. 

Berclaz N, Miiller M, Walde P, Luisi PL (2001) Growth and transformation of vesicles studied by ferritin labeling and cryotransmission electron microscopy. J Phys Chem B 105 1056-1064. doi 10.1021/jp001298i... 

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