Crude oil consumption

A reexamination of so-called renewability has shown that advantages for oleochemicals are not sufficiently dear (115), especially because manufacture of surfactants in the United States accounts for only 0.03% of annual crude oil consumption (62). On these bases, the primary determinants of surfactant choice will continue to be cost effectiveness and availability. The 1993 U.S. market has been estimated to be worth 3.7 x 109 (110). Approximatdy one-half was anionic surfactant ( 1.8 x 109) and one-third nonionic surfactant ( 1.2 x 109). The balance was made up by cationics ( 1.2 x 106) and amphoterics ( 600 x 106). The U.S. International Trade Commission (116) provides a minutdy detailed breakdown of surfactant production. 

Estimated recoverable coal [14]—929.3 billion tons Crude oil reserves [15]—1243 billion barrels Natural gas reserves [16]—6254 trillion ft3 Coal consumption [14]—6.74 billion tons/year Crude oil consumption [17,18]—83 million barrels/day Natural gas consumption [14]—104 trillion ft3/year... 

In Fig.5 this extrapolation has been applied to the complete results of the CONCAWE study (2). The figure represents the total crude oil consumption in typical European conversion refineries to produce gasolines of various RONs and lead contents for constant mileage in vehicles with a CEP = 1.0... 

The average annual per person crude oil consumption in the United States is 15,615 dm. What is this value in cubic inches ... 

One can calculate that the annual consumption of crude oil would be more than 400 Mio per year higher, due solely to the lower efficiency of our refineries without the catalysts used today (for comparison, annual crude oil consumption was about 3 X lO tons per year in 2005). Materials would be very different as many plastics cannot be produced without catalysts that promote the polymerization process or that are needed for the production of monomers. Incidentally, we should not forget that nature is also full of biocatalysts that accelerate important processes like photosynthesis or the metabolism in our bodies and thus provide the fundamentals of life on earth. 

EU s 2007 Crude oil consumption was about two-thirds that of the U.S. (Table 26.1). In both regions unimaginable quantities of this energy resource are consumed every day in Europe almost 15 thousand billion barrels and in the U.S. more than 20 thousand billion barrels a day. Comparing the consumption to the resident population of both regions, Europe is better off as just about 30 barrels are consumed per day (4.7701), whereas the daily consumption of the U.S. residents is nearly at 68 barrels (10.8121) per day per resident. 

The importance of the FCC to increase refinery gasoline and mid-distillate yields at the expense of fuel oil becomes more apparent in the light of world trends in product demands. Denny et al. (1990) report that fuel oil consumption plummeted in the 1980 s even though crude oil consumption remained relatively steady. Most of the drop occurred in Western Europe, Japan, and other Pacific Rim countries (U.S. consumption was already low) due to increased demands for lighter products, alternative fuels and concerns over emissions from burning fuel oils. As fuel oil eonsumption has dropped, worldwide gasoline and mid-distillate consumption has increased. Much of the increased demand has been in Pacific Rim countries. 

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