Crosslinking inhomogeneous

It should be noted that this expression corresponds to an ideal network since it does not take into account scattering due to crosslink inhomogeneities. In real networks, the scattered intensity is greater than that predicted by equation (11). The excess scattering is attributed to crosslink inhomogeneities and other topological features. 

The porosity and permeability of CP are the most important factors determining their ability to sorb and immobilize BAS. For solving these problems, it was necessary to synthesize various types of porous and permeable CP differing in the mobility of elements of the crosslinked structure and in the rigidity of the polymer backbone. For biological problems related to the application of CP as biosorbents, it has been found necessary to use CP with a marked structural inhomogeneity. 

For flexible chain copolymers based on acrylic and methacrylic acids (AA and MA) crosslinked with a polyvinyl component, the inhomogeneity of the structures formed depends on the nature of the crosslinking agent, its content in the reaction mixture and the thermodynamic quality of the solvent [13,14],... 

The crosslinking process should not be considered to be completely homogeneous. Several phenomena might cause inhomogeneities. On a molecular scale, we... 

Figure 12 shows the stress-strain curves of IER at various temperatures. A strain-induced reinforcing effect is not observed at temperatures above -10 °C. This fact may be due to network inhomogeneities caused by imperfect crosslinking. 

Inhomogeneities in a real network may occur either because of a continuous distribution of molecular weight between crosslinks or due to the regions of different average molecular weights (as may be the case in randomly crosslinked networks). 

Malinsky et al. [33] studied the copolymerization of DVB and styrene in bulk and provided further evidence of the formation of inhomogeneous structures consisting of domains of different crosslink density. 

Dynamic spectra for the standard-cured and HT-c ired epoxy resins are shown in Figures 2-5. Though the concept of inhomogeneity in crosslinked structures is not beyond dispute, we believe that enough evidence exists to support the heterogeneity... 

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