Crosslink/Crosslinking schematic representation

Figure 5.16 Schematic representation of the effect of number of crosslinks and initial average molecular weight on network formation... 

Both of these observations are accounted for in the schematic representation in Fig. 3C and D of SBA crosslinked with Tn-PSM under saturation conditions. The schematic shows individual SBA molecules crosslinked to four different Tn-PSM molecules. Importantly, to form the crosslinked complex shown in Fig. 3D, lectin molecules bind to aGalNAc residues on all four sides of a Tn-PSM polypeptide chain. This allows staggering of individual SBA molecules along the Tn-PSM polypeptide chain, with concomitant decrease in steric interactions between lectin molecules. This is important, since calculations of the density of SBA molecules bound to Tn-PSM (knowing the diameter of SBA from X-ray crystal studies50 and the length of the Tn-PSM polypeptide chain) suggests that only 300 SBA tetramers can bind to the same side of a Tn-PSM polypeptide chain, which is less than the 540 bound monomers of SBA and 833 bound... 

Fig. 9 Schematic representation of three approaches to generate nanoporous and meso-porous materials with block copolymers, a Block copolymer micelle templating for mesoporous inorganic materials. Block copolymer micelles form a hexagonal array. Silicate species then occupy the spaces between the cylinders. The final removal of micelle template leaves hollow cylinders, b Block copolymer matrix for nanoporous materials. Block copolymers form hexagonal cylinder phase in bulk or thin film state. Subsequent crosslinking fixes the matrix hollow channels are generated by removing the minor phase, c Rod-coil block copolymer for microporous materials. Solution-cast micellar films consisted of multilayers of hexagonally ordered arrays of spherical holes. (Adapted from [33])...

Figure 5.4 Schematic representation of sol and a part of the gel DC dangling chains, EANC elastically active network chains, EAC elastically active crosslinks...

Figure 16. Crosslinking reactions in bisarylazide-rubber resists. The primary photoevent is production of a nitrene which then undergoes a variety of reactions that result in covalent, polymer-polymer linkages. A schematic representation of crosslinking via nitrene insertion to form aziridine linkages is shown together with several other reaction modes available to the...

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the way that the shear modulus G varies with changes in the amount of crosslinking protein.

Figure 9.5. Schematic representation of crosslinked molecule obtained by polymerization of multimethacrylate from poly(vinyl alcohol).

Recently, a new concept in the preparation of TPVs has been introduced, based on the reaction-induced phase separation (RIPS) of miscible blends of a semicrystalline thermoplastic in combination with an elastomer, with the potential for obtaining submicrometer rubber dispersions. This RIPS can be applied to a variety of miscible blends, in which the elastomer precursor phase was selectively crosslinked to induce phase separation. Plausible schematic representation of the morphological evolution of dynamic vulcanization of immiscible and miscible blends is shown in Fig. 9. For immiscible blends, dynamic vulcanization leads to a decrease in the size... 

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of gels in collapsed and swollen states. The solid lines and open circles denote polymer chains and crosslinking points, respectively...

Figure 29-1 Schematic representation of a polymer with a few crosslinks between the chains...

Figure 29-2 Schematic representation of the conversion of an uncross-linked thermosetting polymer to a highly cross-linked polymer. The crosslinks are shown in a two-dimensional network, but in practice three-dimensional networks are formed.

From this type of schematic representation it would be expected that a more highly branched xylan chain would give more potential for reaction of the arabinose residues, either through crosslink formation or by Maillard-type reactions. Indirect evidence supporting this concept can be derived from pentosan analysis of the hemicellulose fraction of grasses and legumes. 

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of cisplatin bonding to DNA. (1) monofunctional binding (X = Cr, OH", OH2) (2) interstrand crosslinking (3) protein-DNA crosslinking (4) intrastrand crosslinking between adjacent guanines (5) intrastrand crosslinking between two guanines separated by a third base (6) intrastrand crosslinking at a-AG-unit...

FIGURE 7.38. Computer generated model of a liposome-streptavidin conjugate (a), a schematic representation of a liposome-streptavidin (Sav)-concanavalin A (Con A)-streptavidin multilayer (b) and of streptavidin crosslinked vesicles (c). 

Fig. 16 Schematic representation of an interface-induced segregation scenario. As long as the viscosity of the crosslinking system is low enough, segregation of epoxy resin and curing agent may occur, driven by the polar surface of the Cu component. Conservation of mass requires a depletion zone close to the zone of enrichment. Via the network structure the concentration profile is reflected by the local mechanical properties of the cured epoxy system...

Figure 32.9. Schematic representation of Type I hypersensitivity. Induction Resident respiratory tract dendritic cells (DC) take and process antigen, mature, migrate to the draining lymph nodes, and present antigen to T lymphocytes. Activated T-lymphocytes, in turn, activate B-cell differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells. IL-4 promotes Ig isotype class switching from IgM to IgE and promotes mast cell development. IgE is associated with mast cells. Elicitation Allergen crosslinks the mast-cell-bound IgE, thereby causing the release of preformed mediators and cytokines. (See Table 32.7.) Inflammation and bronchoconstriction occur.

Figure 2.19 Schematic representation of the anisotropic crosslinking of a photoreactive coumarin polymer by the action of polarised UV light to produce an anisotropic network as a non-contact alignment layer. E indicates the polarisation direction of the incident beam. ...

Fig. 20. Schematic representation of a composite membrane (Figs. 1 and 7) at liquid saturation showing a single gelled particle enmeshed in PTFE microfibers as described in the text. The bold straight lines represent the PTFE fibers. The entangled network of curved lines represent the crosslinked polymer that supports the liquid saturated gel. Each empty circle (o), superimposed on the curvy lines, represents a set of molecules (

Fig. 26. Schematic representation of immobilization methods used for biosensor construction. O enzyme molecule, crosslinker molecule, 1 adsorption, 2 gel entrapment, 3 covalent binding to external surface, 4 crosslinking.

Scheme 2-4 Schematic representation of the imprinting of specific cavities in a crosslinked polymer by a template (T) with three different binding groups [10],...

Figure 21.5 Schematic representation of shear modulus behavior as a function of temperature for a polymer with (1) low M-, (2) medium M, (3) high M, and (4) a crosslinked polymer.

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of different types of functionalized polymers guest-host system(a), side-chain polymer (b), main-chain polymer (c), photo-and thermally crosslinking polymer...

A monomer appropriate for synthesis of such polymers is shown in Fig. 5 and two representative polymer systems are shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 provides a schematic representation of the 3D polymer matrix obtained after poling and crosslinking. Again, the... 

Figure 8.7 Schematic representation of injectable hydrogels reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), prepared using a double-barrel inge. The crosslinking hydrogel components include hydrazide-fiinctionalized car-boxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NHNH2), aldehyde-functionalized dextran (dextran-CHO), and either unmodified CNCs or aldehyde-modified CNCs (CHO-CNCs).

Figure 10.9 MCCs via crosslinking the polybutadiene phase (black) of a bulk structure of an SBV miktoarm star. The center shows a TEM image, while the schematic representation of the hexagonal...

Fig. 55. Schematic representation of the weak and strong crosslink structures in Congo red-poly(vinyl alcohol) complexes. Reproduced from Macromolecules [Ref. 201] by the courtesy of the authors and of The American Chemical Society...

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