CROSS-SECTIONAL AFM IMAGE

The cross-sectional pictures taken by Panar et al. [3] (see Chap. 4) revealing the nodular structure near the top edge of the membranes are probably the first attempt to examine the detailed structure inside the top skin layer. Similar attempts have been recorded since then in the Uterature, but the number is limited. 

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Fig. 6.14. A cross-sectional AFM image of thick, dense PPO film (thickness 1.5 mm). Reprinted from [18]...

Figure 3-4 shows a SEM image of a cross section and AFM image of the surface of the dense YSZ film (powder and polymer ratio of 1 1) deposited on platinum foil. It can be seen from the cross-section SEM image (Figure... 

Fig. 3.15 AFM images of InAs QDs without capping layer (a) and with 10-mn-thick GaAs capping layer (b, c). AFM image of Fig. 3.15c was obtained after thermal annealing at 500°C for 5 min. Line profiles of (d) and (e) show the ridge structure (A-B in (b)) and nanohole structure (C-D, in (c)) just above the InAs QDs. Figure 3.15f indicates cross-sectional STEM image of the embedded InAs QDs with GaAs nanohole capping layer...

Fig. 3.5 Representation of a scheme of an experiment (upper set of drawings) and the obtained experimental results presented as AFM images (middle part) and cross-sectional profiles (bottom) that provides evidence of silica nucleation and shell formation on biopolymer macromolecules. Scheme of experiment. This includes the following main steps. 1. Protection of the mica surface against silica precipitation. It was covered with a fatty (ara-chidic) acid monolayer transferred from a water substrate with the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. This made the mica surface hydrophobic because of the orientation of the acid molecules with their hydrocarbon chains pointing outwards. 2. Adsorption of carbohydrate macromolecules. Hydrophobically modified cationic hydroxyethylcellulose was adsorbed from an aqueous solution. Hydrocarbon chains of polysaccharide served as anchors to fix the biomacromolecules firmly onto the acid monolayer. 3. Surface treatment by silica precursor. The mica covered with an acid mono-...

Figure 2 FIRSEM (A, D F) and AFM (error B + C, height E + G) images of an ibidem observation of STA-7. The green box represents the area view in C-D and the blue box represents the area viewed in F-G. The magenta line represents the cross section displayed in (FI). Observable terraces are cloured green and terraces unobservable to the FIRSEM are coloured magenta...

Figure 3 Composite HRSEM AFM error images of ibidem measurements taken of the surface of zeolite A. The line in green represents the cross section shown in (D)...

Fig. 3.14 AFM topography image with cross section of a deposited sPS overlay...

Fig. 6 AFM topographic images (a-d, i, j) and cross sections (e, f, k, I) of a miktoarm PS-P2VP star copolymer adsorbed on mica from chloroform (a-c, e), from THF (d, f) and from acidic water (HC1, pH = 2) in salt free (i, k) and in the presence of 1 mM Na3P04 (j, I). Schematic representation of the solution conformations and conformations in adsorbed state of the PS-P2VP in chloroform (g), THF (h), in water at pH = 2 before (n) and after adsorption (m) respectively (PS arms in red, P2VP ones in blue). Reprinted with permission from [116]. Copyright (2003) American Chemical Society...

Fig. 9.36 a) Procedure of the preparation steps starting with the pCP of an inert SAM, self-assembly of a monolayer of initiator sites, ATRSIP and selective wet etching, b) (A) AFM image of a patterned brush of PMMA formed by this procedure. The bright areas correspond to PMMA brushes, while the dark regions correspond to the patterned areas of SAMs formed from HDT. (B) Cross-sectional profile of the patterned PMMA brush shown in (A). The location of the cross-sectional pro-... 

The insight from AFM images may be greatly boosted by sophisticated image analysis. Fritzsche and Henderson [30,31] have extracted cross-sections of nucleosomes at half-maximum height and have fitted them to virtual ellipsoids. These ellipsoids had relatively smooth perimeter and an aspect ratio of 1.2 1.4 moreover, the orientation of the ellipsoids was correlated with the direction of the fiber axis, with more than 50% of nucleosomes aligned with the axis. While this orientation effect may result from surface interactions, as discussed by the authors themselves, it may also represent an actual, and structurally important, feature of fiber structure. Ellipsoid-shaped nucleosomes have been reported in electron EM studies [32,33], and have been predicted in models of chromatin... 

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