Critical stability

Source All values are from Martell, A. E. Smith, R. M. Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 4. Plenum Press New York, 1976. I Unless otherwise stated, values... 

A. E. MarteU and R. M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants, Plenum Press, New York, 1974. 

Smith, R.M. Martell, A.E. "Critical Stability Constants" volume 4 Inorganic Complexes, Plenum Press, New York, 1976. 

Martell, A.E. Smith, R.M. "Critical Stability Constants Vol. 3 Other Organic Ligands" Plenum New York, 1977 ... 

Smith, R.M. Martell "Critical Stability Constants", Plenum Press 1976. 

The reaction described in this example is carried out in miniemulsion.Miniemulsions are dispersions of critically stabilized oil droplets with a size between 50 and 500 nm prepared by shearing a system containing oil, water,a surfactant and a hydrophobe. In contrast to the classical emulsion polymerization (see 5ect. 2.2.4.2), here the polymerization starts and proceeds directly within the preformed micellar "nanoreactors" (= monomer droplets).This means that the droplets have to become the primary locus of the nucleation of the polymer reaction. With the concept of "nanoreactors" one can take advantage of a potential thermodynamic control for the design of nanoparticles. Polymerizations in such miniemulsions, when carefully prepared, result in latex particles which have about the same size as the initial droplets.The polymerization of miniemulsions extends the possibilities of the widely applied emulsion polymerization and provides advantages with respect to copolymerization reactions of monomers with different polarity, incorporation of hydrophobic materials, or with respect to the stability of the formed latexes. 

Figure 21 Change in the value of one plane critical stability with the number of revolutions of the spheronizer plate for granules from within the largest sieve fraction for batches spheronized on varying diameter plates A, 22.9 cm A, 38.1 cm , 65.6 cm.

Hellen L, Yliruusi J. Process variables of instant granulator and spheroniser III. Shape and shape distributions of pellets. Int J Pharm 1993 96 217-223. Chapman SR, Rowe RC, Newton JM. Characterization of the sphericity of particles by the one plane critical stability. J Pharm Pharmacol 1988 40 503-505. Rowe RC, Sadeghnejad GR. The rheology of mcc powder/water mixes-measurement using a mixer torque rheometer. Int J Pharm 1987 38 227-229. O Connor RE, Schwartz JB. Spheronization II Drug release from drug-diluent mixtures. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1985 11 (9-10) 1837-1857. 

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