Creating Infrastructure Facilities

An active and effective security program should address protection of public health, public safety (including infrastructure), and public confidence. Chemical facilities should create an awareness of security and an understanding of the rationale for their overall security management approach in the communities they reside in and/or serve. 

Another new, or at least exacerbated, class of faults is that of mismatches at the interfaces between component systems. These are typically semantic (e.g., confusion between Fahrenheit and Celsius) not just syntactic, or due to fundamental policy incompatibilities. (There is in many quarters a present assumption that a middleware infrastructure facilitating the use of Web Services, XML, etc., will largely solve the problems of creating systems-of-systems, but such facilities mainly help deal with syntax issues.)... 

The EUROCHAMP project integrates the most important environmental reaction chambers in Europe for studying atmospheric processes into a Europe-wide infrastructure. These facilities were created by multinational initiatives to study the impact of atmospheric processes on regional photochemistry, global change, as well as cultural heritage and human health effects under most realistic conditions. 

The overwhelming benefit offered by the value chain approach is its ability to offer management the facility to consider alternative ways and means of creating value. Is healthcare in any way different Clearly the answer is no. Patients are customers. They have value needs, which are met by specific resources and services. Healthcare has marketing channels and has specialist partnership infrastructures that deliver value (or treatment services). Healthcare managers should be mindful of the fact that they should, and can, identify alternatives to meet patient needs and take into account the alternative combinations of performance, cost, and time requirements and select the relevant suppliers to affect an appropriate value-delivery system. 

This new urban model provides for a walkable pedestrian scale, which requires few vehicles, and allows for vital public spaces such as markets, squares, paths and pedestrian streets, unencumbered by either vehicular traffic or large buildings with blank facades. Whereas its historic counterpart was a city built on a hill, the new urban model becomes a city built as a hill, with the inner hill supporting all the large scale commercial, institutional and industrial facilities, most service functions, parking, highways, and other infrastructure that create dead zones in conventional towns. This plan makes for a much denser town covering a smaller area than would otherwise be possible. The construction of the hill is made possible by a flexible... 

As far as terrorism is concerned, the question of cyberterrorism should be raised (eg, an attack causing serious damage to a critical infrastructure). Until now only hackers were involved in cyberterrorism actions targeting industrial systems. In the nuclear sector, the computer worm Stuxnet, discovered in June 2010, was created to attack Iran s nuclear facilities it went via Microsoft Windows and targeted Siemens industrial control systems. The widely suspected probable target was the uranium enrichment infrastmcture in Iran the Iran nuclear program has indeed been damaged. 

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