Covalent organic polymers

In 1977, the first covalent organic polymer, polyacetylene (CH), , that could be doped through the semiconducting to the metallic range, was reported. Another significant breakthrough occurred in 1980 with the discovery that PPP could be doped to conductivity levels quite comparable to those in polyacetylene. This polymer is the first example of non-acetylene hydrocarbon polymer that can be doped to give polymers with metallic properties. 

Xiang ZH, Cao DP (2012) Synthesis of luminescent covalent-organic polymers for detecting nitroaromatic explosives and small organic molecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 33 1184-1190... 

Xiang ZH, Cao DP, Wang WC et al (2012) Postsynthetic lithium modification of covalent-organic polymers for enhancing hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage. J Phys Chem C 116 5974-5980... 

Patel HA, Karadas E, Canlier A et al (2012) High capacity carbon dioxide adsorption by inexpensive covalent organic polymers. J Mater Chem 22 8431-8437... 

The method prevents rotational dislocations, yielding a reproducible procedure that affords a nanoporous oxadiazole-based covalent organic polymer (Oz-COP). Moreover the prepolymer was found to have an rm-precedented solubiHty that allows it to be used to form a porous polymer film. 

Xiang Z, Xue Y, Cao D, Huang L, Chen J-E, Dai L. Highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction based on 2D covalent organic polymers complexed with non-precious metals. Angew Chem Int Ed 2014 53 2433-7. 

Another very interesting porphyrin system based on covalently linked porphyrin grids was generated by C-C coupling through nickel-catalyzed Yamamoto reaction, instead by Pd(ll) or Pt(ll) square planar complexes as demonstrated by Drain et al. [70]. In this case, well-defined supramolecular species were obtained in contrast with the bidimensional covalent organic polymer network that can bind transition... 

Figure lb. Scheme of a glasslike structure, modified by additional, covalently bonded organic polymer chains. 

If R can react with itself or additional components (R contains vinyl, methacryl or epoxy groups, for example), the result of the condensation process is a flexible network of inorganic oxide covalently bonded to organic polymers, namely a hybrid nanocomposite lacking interface imperfections. The properties of this hybrid nanocomposite are intermediate between those of polymers and glasses, and can meet unique requirements. 

Note 1 Organically modified ceramics are hybrid polymers with inorganic and organic moieties linked by stable covalent bonds and based on organically modified alkoxysilanes, functionalized organic polymers or both. 

In this report, both the structure-based and source-based nomenclature rules are extended to regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers. Biopolymers, however, such as DNA are not considered here. Rules for quasi-single-strand coordination polymers, resembling spiro polymers yet not covalently bonded, are not included. 

For these three materials, covalent bonding technologies cannot be used. With silanes, mixed anhydrides are formed lacking in hydrolytic stability. Coating with organic polymers [32] is the way to go. A bonded phase based on zirconia has been studied widely [43]. Method development strategies established with silica-based RP cannot be transferred to an RP bonded on zirconia. Selectivity is dependent, e.g., on the type of buffer used. Anions in the mobile phase influence retention. The kinetics of analyte interaction with the different active sites may lead to reduced efficiencies. 

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