Covalent bonds biologic molecules stabilized

Covalent Noncovalent Bonds Stabilize Biologic Molecules... 

Covalent and Noncovalent Bonds Are Important for the Structure and Stability of Biological Molecules... 

A relatively small number of principles and facts of chemistry are essential for understanding cellular processes at the molecular level (Figure 2-1). In this chapter we review some of these key principles and facts, beginning with the covalent bonds that connect atoms Into a molecule and the non-covalent forces that stabilize groups of atoms within and between molecules. We then consider the key properties of the basic building blocks of cellular structures. After reviewing those aspects of chemical equilibrium that are most relevant to biological systems, we end the chapter with basic... 

A number of different molecular mechanisms can underpin the loss of biological activity of any protein. These include both covalent and non-covalent modification of the protein molecule, as summarized in Table 6.5. Protein denaturation, for example, entails a partial or complete alteration of the protein s three-dimensional shape. This is underlined by the disruption of the intramolecular forces that stabilize a protein s native conformation, namely hydrogen bonding, ionic attractions and hydrophobic interactions (Chapter 2). Covalent modifications of protein structure that can adversely affect its biological activity are summarized below. 

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