Residual couplings

Non-additivity arises from the simultaneous disruption of coupled residues by multiple mutations. Mutations affecting some functions, such as protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions, tend to be remarkably additive, while others, such as mutations in the catalytic site, tend to be non-additive (Jencks, 1981 Wells, 1990). Mutational studies on T4 lysozyme (Zhang et al., 1995) and catalase I (Trakulnaleamsai et al., 1995) indicate that thermostability is largely additive, and therefore relatively uncoupled. Non-additivity is most commonly observed when the mutated residues are close in space and large, or when chemically disparate side chains are introduced. 

II the locations of D91 and K319 residues with D and K channels indicated as well as the suggested coupled residue E242. (Prepared using the crystallographic results of Yoshikawa et al. as obtained from the Protein Data Bank, Structure File 20CC.)... 

Remark 4.4 Derivation of equations from the bond graphs coupled by residual sinks results in a DAE system as there are no time derivatives of the outputs of the coupling residual sinks. Let some elements of the switched models have non-linear... 

REDCRAFT (Residual Dipolar Coupling Residue v4ssembly and Filtering Tool), a new software tool that uses only experimental data (including RDCs) for structure characterization and identification of dynamics of proteins and polypeptides. 

X. Ruan, G. He, B. Li, J. Xiao, and Y. Dai, Cleaner recovery of tetrafluoroethylene by coupling residue-recycled polyimide membrane unit to distillation. Separation and Purification Technology, 124, 89-98, 2014. 

However, it is not yet understood clearly the mechanism of thermal-induced and flow-induced interactive coupling. Residual stress numerical simulation of injection molding usually uses different mathematical models describing flow-induced stress and thermal stress respectively, then add up the computing results linearly. Currently theory models of injection molding commercial software have an assumption that flow-induced stress magnitude is at least an order smaller than thermal-induced stress, neglecting flow-induced stress for simplification. In this paper, we discussed if the assumption is valid and reliable. 

---