Counter-phase transfer catalysis

The term Counter Phase Transfer Catalysis (CPTC) was coined by Okano214,215 to describe biphasic reactions catalysed by water soluble transition metal complexes which involve transport of an organic-soluble reactant into the aqueous phase where the catalytic reaction takes place. Similarly, Mathias and Vaidya564,565 gave the name Inverse Phase Transfer Catalysis to describe this kind of biphasic catalysis which contrasts with classical Phase Transfer Catalysis where the reaction occurs in the organic phase and does not involve formation of micelles.389,564... 

The counter-phase transfer catalysis via jr-allyl—palladium complexes exhibits an unusual solvent effect [16]. Both the reduction with sodium formate and the car-... 

Although counter-phase transfer catalysis has not yet attracted much attention, it is a very promising method for solving some of the problems of organometallic catalyses. Since transition metal complexes are capable of interacting with a wide variety of organic compounds, great development of counterphase catalysis is expected. 

A counter phase transfer catalysis effect was observed in reduction of allyl chloride with sodium formate in water/n-heptane systems with water soluble palladium(II) catalysts having phosphine ligands with polyether chains [274] it was demonstrated that the catalyst transported the substrate to the aqueous phase where it reacted with the formate. 

Okano, T. Moriyama, Y. Konishi, H. Kiji, J. (1986) Counter phase transfer catalysis by water-soluble phosphine complexes. Catalytic reduction of allyl chlorides and acetates with sodium formate in two-phase system, Chem. Lett., 1463-6. 

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