Corynebacteria

Thus if provided with G2 the product will be G2 dioic add, whilst if provided with Gs the product will be Gs dioic add. If supplied with a mixture of alkanes, then a mixture of dioic adds will be produced. There are, however, some restrictions on this and not all alkanes will be oxidised equally. Thus the Candida sp generally use C12-C18 alkanes, whilst Corynebacteria will preferentially utilise G2-G2 alkanes. 

Penicillin Streptococci, staphylococci, corynebacteria, Clostridia, Listeria Anaerobes... 

Erythromycin Streptococci, staphylococci, corynebacteria Legior ella, Campybbacter... 

Decreau, R. A., Marson, C. M., Smith, K. E., Behan, J. M. (2003) Production of malodorous steroids from androsta-5,16-dienes and androsta-4,16-dienes by corynebacteria and other human axillary bacteria. J. Steroid Biochem. 87, 327-336. 

Phenoxymethylpenicilhn or penicillin V is acid-resistant and nsed instead of penicillin G for oral nse. It is active with respect to Gram-positive (staphylococcns, streptococcus, pneumococcus), and Gram-negative (meningococcns, gonococcns) cocci, spirochaeta, Clostridia, and corynebacteria. 

Fig. 12.29 Reduction-time curves of various Fe oxides by Corynebacteria during anaerobic incubation (Fischer, 1987, with permission).

Gram-positive cocci, mycoplasma, corynebacteria, Legionella,... 

FIGURE 3.4 The common pathway of the aspartate-derived amino acids in Corynebacteria. The mnemonic of the genes involved are shown in parentheses below the enzymes responsible for each step. Dotted lines indicate multiple enzymatic steps, and 16 is L-aspartic acid, 17 is L-aspartyl phosphate, 18 is L-aspartate semialdehyde, 19 is L-lysine, 20 is L-homoserine, 21 is L-isoleucine, 22 is L-threonine, and 23 is L-methionine. 

A variety of bacterial species have been used for almost 40 years in the large-scale fermentative production of amino acids for industrial uses. The Corynebacteria have been most widely used in this application as a result of their propensity to overproduce and excrete very high concentrations of amino acids under specific process conditions and their early development for monosodium glutamate production. However, other organisms including E. coli have also been successfully used in the production of amino acids such as phenylalanine. 

Puehler, A., Kassing, F., Winterfeldt, A., Kalinowski, J., Schaefer, A., Schwarzer, A., Seep-Feldhaus, A., Rossol, I. A novel system for genetic engineering of amino acid producing corynebacteria and the analysis of AEC-resistant mutants, Eur. Congr. Biotechnol., 5th, 2, 975, 1990. 

The most detailed investigations into PolyP metabolism of the Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria have been carried out by Drews (1960a,b), Mudd and co-workers (Mudd... 

Coryneform bacteria are irregular, nonsporulating gram-positive bacteria that are widely distributed in nature. In recent years some strains have been reclassified into new genera.30 Corynebacteria are widely used for amino acid production.31 Some have relevance in bioconversions, for example, steroid conversion,32 terpenoid conversion,33 and the conversion of... 

Hop farmers are exposed to air that can contain dust, endotoxin, and micro-organisms. In one study of 19 farms in Poland Gram-positive bacteria formed 22-96% of the total count among them, corynebacteria and endospore-forming bacilli were prevalent (2). Fungi constituted 3.7-65% of the total count the dominant species were Penicillium citrinum, Alternaria alternata, and Cladosporium epiphyllum. Thermophilic... 

In addition to the three discussed above, there are a number of other pathogens within the mycolata. Infections by non-TB mycobacteria including M. avium-intracellulare, M. marinum M. ulcerans, and M. kansasii are rarely seen in healthy individuals, but are common sources of skin infections and lung disease in AIDS patients [297]. In addition, there are increasing reports of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant non-diphtheria Corynebacteria, especially in immunocompromised patients [298,299]. 

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