Copolythiophenes

Y.-C. Lai, K. Ohshimizu, W.-Y. Lee, J.-C. Hsu, T. Higashihara, M. Ueda, W.-C. Chen, Electrically Bistable Memory Devices Based on All-Conjugated Block Copolythiophenes and Their PCBM Composite Films. J. Mater. Chem. 2011,21,14502. 

K. Ohshimizu, M. Ueda, Well-Controlled Synthesis of Block Copolythiophenes. Macromolecules 2008,41, 5289-5294. 

A. Smeets, P. Willot, De J. Winter, P. Gerbaux, T. Verbiest, G. Koeckelberghs, End Group-Functioncdization md Synthesis of Block-Copolythiophenes by Modified Nickel Initiators. Macromolecules 2011,44,6017-6025. 

Ohshimizu, K. and Ueda, M. (2008) Well-controlled synthesis of block copolythiophenes. Macromolecules, 41,5289-5294. 

Yokozawa, T., Adachi, I., Miyakoshi, R., and Yokoyama, A. (2007) Catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization for the synthesis of well-defined polythiophene with hydrophilic side chain and of diblock copolythiophene with hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains. High Performance Polymers, 19,684-699. 

Electrochemical polymerization of bi- and terthiophenes is a facile method for the synthesis of copolythiophenes due to their lower oxidation potentials relative to singlering monomers. Some chemical polymerizations of these monomers have also been carried out. These monomers yield well-defined alternating structures and provide a means to control the effective conjugation length of the resulting polymer. Since substituents are present in every other or every third ring, steric hindrance is decreased, resulting in increased planarity of the main chain. Tables 10.2 and 10.3 show some of alkyl-substituted bi- and terthiophenes that have been polymerized. 

In a synthesis similar to the one used for copolythiophenes described above, an A/-phenyl copolythienylpyr-role was obtained as a brown solid [73] [Eq. (2)]. 

Because several substituted thiophene mmiomers undergo chain-growth polymerization in a living polymerization fashion, a lot of block copolythiophenes 42 [102, 154—162] have been synthesized by successive polymerization in one pot (Scheme 56). 

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