Copolymerization, pentaerythritol

The amorphous polymeric, polyaxial initiators (PPIs) used in these systems to produce crystalline absorbable copolymeric materials can be made by reacting a cyclic monomer or a mixture of cyclic monomers such as trimethylene carbonate, caprolactone, and l,5-dioxapane-2-one in the presence of an organometallic catalyst with one or more polyhydroxy, polyamino, or hydroxyamino compounds having three or more reactive amines and/or hydroxyl groups. Typical examples of the latter compounds are glycerol and ethane-trimethylol, propane-trimethylol, pentaerythritol, triethanolamine, and N-2-aminoethyl-l,3-propanediamine. 

Most formaldehyde is used to make polymeric resins. It is copolymerized into melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, and phenol formaldehyde, which are among the earliest commercial thermosetting resins. It is used in the manufacture of pentaerythritol and other polyols, raw materials for polyurethanes and alkyds disinfectants, antiseptics, fungicides, germicides, and preservatives in medical laboratories and embalming fluids and deodorizers, dyes, fertilizers, and corrosion inhibitors in the metal industry. 

The simplest possible type of three-dimensional polymer is that formed by stepwise homopolymerization of a multifunctional monomer, snch as etheri cation of pentaerythritol, or by stepwise copolymerization of equimolar amounts of two monomers having the same fnnctionality /, snch as the condensation of a trihydric alcohol with an equimolar proportion of a tribasic acid, all three functional groups on each monomer being equally reactive. For such polymerizations, the number Nx, the number or mole fraction %, and weight fraction Wx of x-mer molecules in the reaction system are given (Ghosh, 1990 Odian, 1991), respectively, by... 

The condensation product from acrolein and pentaerythritol, 28A, i.e., divinylspirobis-(m-dioxane) or diallylidenepentaerythritol, has been copolymerized with MA under a variety of conditions.At low conversions, using BPO initiator, soluble alternating copolymers are produced. 

MA copolymerization, 343, 348, 586 MA Diels-Alder adduct, 153 MA ene adduct, 153 Pentaerythritol... 

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