Inclusion compounds copolymerization

Inclusion compounds allow the realization of copolymerization in the crystal state (1-6). This is a further difference with respect to typical solid state reactions. Both block- and statistical copolymers can be obtained the former involves a two-step process, with subsequent inclusion and polymerization of two different monomers (21) the latter requires the simultaneous inclusion of two guests. This phenomenon has a much wider occurrence than thought at first, especially when a not very selective host such as PHTP is used. Research with this host started with mixtures of 2-methylpentadiene and 4-methylpentadiene, two almost exactly superimposable molecules (22), but was successfully extended to very dissimilar monomers, such as butadiene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene. 

Quantitative spectra can give an estimate of the probability parameters according to the copolymerization theory. Poly-(2-methylpentadiene-co-4-methylpentadiene) possesses a Bernoullian distribution of monomer units, moreover polymer composition is the same as that of the monomer mixture used for the formation of the inclusion compound. It can therefore be considered as an ideal azeotropic copolymer. In other instances, we observed that p + p is often lower than 1, (or that the product r. r is greater... 

Rotaxane polymers can also be deemed as polyrotaxanes or pseudopolyro-taxanes, because they have the common structural characteristics that is, many macrocycles reside on a polymer chain. However, unlike polyrotaxanes or polypseudorotaxanes, which are synthesized from the slipping of macrocycles into a polymer chain, rotaxane polymers are synthesized from the polymerization of rotaxane (or pseudorotaxane) monomer, and monomer unit on the polymer chain has one macrocycle. Harada [16] reported the preparation of a rotaxane polymer based on the homopolymerization of bithiophene (2T) pseudorotaxane. Bithiophene formed hrst inclusion compound a-CD-2T with a-CD, and then the polymerizations of a-CD-2T in water using EeCls as an oxidative initiator after centrifugation, the resulting powder was washed with water and THE to remove unreacted monomer and the corresponding rotaxane polymer was found as deep purple powder. Earcas et al. [17] developed a novel aromatic polyazomethine polymer with rotaxane architecture by the copolymerization of a diformylcarbazole derivative with a benzenediamine pseudorotaxane in DME. 

It is also known that in side-chain LC polymers the copolymerization of optically active monomers with mesogenic monomers, in the same manner as the mixing of optically active compounds with nematic low molecular weight compounds, can induce the formation of a cholesteric mesophase. Therefore, it is expected that inclusion of chiral spacers in main chain liquid crystal polymers, which would be nematic... 

In studies of the ERC heterogeneous structure obtained in copolymerization between the epoxy and rubber oligomers that occurs along with the epoxy resin cure (i.e., hot cure compounds), the average size of the rubber particles was found to be dependent on its polarity and on the level of compatibility with the epoxy resin as well as on the chemical composition of the modifier [132]. The author also showed that the size of the rubber inclusions decreases and the structure of the composition becomes more homogeneous with increase of the polarity of the elastomers and the curing temperature of the ERC. 

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