Coordinated ligands oxidation

Most of the (phosphine)gold(III) complexes known in the literature have a square-planar stereochemistry. They are generally stable and can be prepared by two methods oxidation of the corresponding gold(I) complexes, or substitution processes of weakly coordinated ligands. 

In this case, precursor complex formation depends upon the lability of the incoming metal ion, rather than that of the oxide surface site, since the inner coordination ligands of the surface site are not exchanged (26). 

Organic ligands without redox reactivity that coordinate metal oxide surface sites have been found to enhance rates of both reductive and non-reductive dissolution reactions ( 7). ... 

The reductant may be optically stabilized by using optically active forms of the coordinated ligand. Such ligands may impose stereochemical restraints even with labile oxidation states... 

Unlike Zn(II)Pc and Ru(II)Pc, Co(II)Pc and Fe(II)Pc are known to undergo oxidation at the metal prior to ring oxidation (14 15). Electrochemical studies of CoPc have, however, shown that ring oxidation does occur before metal oxidation if weakly-coordinating ligands are employed (16). The products of the chemical oxidation of CoPc and FePc in solution, have been only poorly characterized in the peist (17 18). Lever and coworkers (9j33) have reported the oxidation of CoPc and FePc in the solid state and characterized the reaction as metal oxidation, M(II)Pc(-2) M(III)Pc(-2), followed by phthalocyemine n ring oxidation, M(III)Pc(-2) M(III)Pc(-1). However, no electro- or photo-chemical... 

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