Cooperative diffusion, definition

When chloro-octadecane was found to give the same result as a so-called cosurfactant, an argument arose in terms of the real role of this highly hydrophobic compound because it is not surface active and has no cooperation with surfactant. Taking account of these systems, the definition of miniemulsion polymerization will be revised to the polymerization in which a water-insoluble compound in the dispersed phase retards or inhibits diffusion degradation of the emulsion. ... 

Crystallization, by definition, implies that the initial structure be a glass, followed by the nucleation and growth of a crystalline phase, be it the equilibrium one or a metastable phase. The process is a first-order transformation and involves atomic diffusion, or at least atomic shuttles. Types of crystallization reactions that occur include polymorphous crystallization, which is a composition invariant transformation such as that in Fe-B, and eutectic crystallization, T, in FeNiPB glass, where line lamellae of iron-nickel austenite and mclastable (FeNiJj PB phases grow cooperatively. 

Whereas mutual diffusion characterizes a system with a single diffusion coefficient, self-diffusion gives different diffusion coefficients for all the particles in the system. Self-diffusion thereby provides a more detailed description of the single chemical species. This is the molecular point of view [7], which makes the selfdiffusion more significant than that of the mutual diffusion. In contrast, in practice, mutual diffusion, which involves the transport of matter in many physical and chemical processes, is far more important than self-diffusion. Moreover mutual diffusion is cooperative by nature, and its theoretical description is complicated by nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Not surprisingly, the theoretical basis of mutual diffusion is more complex than that of self-diffusion [8]. In addition, by definition, the measurements of mutual diffusion require mixtures of liquids, while self-diffusion measurements are determinable in pure liquids. 

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