Cooling water system retrofit

Kim J-K and Smith R (2003) Automated Retrofit Design of Cooling Water Systems, AIChE J, 49 1712. 

These filters are useful for retrofitting to existing cooling water systems that may be required to operate with a deteriorating water quality, and they usually present minimal installation problems. For most applications, however, they are installed in-line, and this can present installation problems in larger industrial process cooling systems that cannot be shut down. 

A new facility s energy system can be designed to utilize the waste heat effectively, capturing more of the efficiency a fuel cell can deliver. This can be more difficult in a retrofit. High-temperature fuel cells can run an absorption chiller, where the heat is used to provide cooled water for air-conditioning. 

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