Cooling towers spray pond

Cooling tower and artificial spray pond Treated makeup 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002... 

Natural-draft cooling towers evolved from spray ponds. The simplest and earliest design consisted of a small water spray pond surrounded with walls having inwardly sloping louvers. Figure 4.9 shows a cross section of a simple cooling tower formed by enclosing a spray pond with louvered walls. 

Figure 4.9 Cross section of a simple cooling tower formed by enclosing a spray pond with louvered walls.

When land costs are too high, spray ponds often provide a viable alternative to cooling ponds. It is estimated that a spray pond requires only about 5 to 10 percent of the area of a cooling pond due to the more intimate air-water contact. In addition, drift losses and corrosion problems are less severe than in cooling towers. 

Make appropriate assumptions about windage and evaporation losses and set out and solve an equation for blowdown. Windage losses will be about 1.0 to 5.0 percent for spray ponds, 0.3 to 1.0 percent for atmospheric cooling towers, and 0.1 to 0.3 percent for forced-draft cooling towers for the forced-draft towers in this example, 0.1 percent can be assumed. As for evaporation losses, they are 0.85 to 1.25 percent of the circulation for each 10-degree drop in Fahrenheit temperature across the tower it is usually safe to assume 1.0 percent, so E = AT/10, where AT is the temperature drop across the tower. Therefore, in the present case,... 

Natural Draft Towers, Cooling Ponds, Spray Ponds. 12-22... 

Natural Draft Towers, Cooling Ponds, Spray Ponds Natural draft towers are primarily suited to very large cooling water quantities, and the reinforced concrete structures used are as large as 80 m in diameter and 105 m high. 

Natural draft towers, cooling ponds, and spray ponds are infrequently used in new construction today in the chemical processing industry. Additional information may be found in previous Perry s editions. 

Gayev, Ye.A. (1994) Large Spray Cooler Theoretical Simulation Based on the Continuum Mechanics Method, Proc. 9th Cooling Tower and Spraying Pond Symposium, Rhode-Saint-Genese, Belgium. 

The use of physical methods of control in cooling water systems has a major drawback in that it does not control the presence of Legionella that is demanded by legislation in many countries. It is necessary when using physical methods of fouling control to treat the water to kill bacteria before the water reaches the cooling tower or spray pond, where droplets of water are released into the atmosphere. 

When warm liquid is brought into contact with unsaturated gas, part of the liquid is vaporized and the liquid temperature drops. This cooling of the liquid is the purpose behind many gas-liquid contact operations, especially air-water contacts. Water is cooled in large quantities in spray ponds or more commonly in tall towers through which air passes by natural draft or by the action of a fan. 

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