Conventions of Drawing Structures Grossmans Rule

When organic structures are drawn, the H atoms attached to C are usually omitted. (On the other hand, H atoms attached to heteroatoms are always shown.) It is extremely important for you not to forget that they are there  

Abbreviations are often used for monovalent groups that commonly appear in organic compounds. Some of these abbreviations are shown in Table 1.1. Aryl may be phenyl, a substituted phenyl, or a heteroaromatic group like furyl, pyridyl, or pyrrolyl. Tosyl is shorthand for p-toluenesulfonyl, mesyl is shorthand for methanesul louyi, and triflyl is shorthand for trifluoromethanesulfonvl. TsO, MsO-, and TI O are abbreviations for the common leaving groups tosylate, mesylate, and triflate, respectively. 

Common error alert Don t confuse Ac (one O atom) with AcO (two O atoms), or Ts (two O atoms) with TsO (three O atoms). Also don t confuse Bz (benzoyl) with Bn (benzyl). (One often sees Bz and Bn confused even in the literature.) 

Sometimes the ways that formulas are written in texts confuse students. The more important textual representations are shown below. 

Common error alert It is especially easy to misconstrue the structure of a sul-fone (RSO2R) as being analogous to that of an ester (RCO2R). 

It s easy to confuse these structures. .. but it s much more difficult to confuse these  

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