Controlled substance analogs

Glennon, R.A. Synthesis and evaluation of amphetamine analogs. Proceedings of the Joint WHO/Drug Enforcement Actoinistration Conference on Controlled Substance Analogs. Rabat, Morocco, September, 1987b. 

The composition of the six controlled substance analogs listed above often stimulate the same areas of the brain, but are chemically quite distinct from one another. MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethampheta-mine) is a complex drug that makes simple classification difficult. Its chemical structure is related both to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. Methamphetamine bears a close resemblance to two powerful chemicals in the body, dopamine and norepinephrine, which regulate mood, memory, and movement. 

Some analogs of GHB are also available on the street. These include gamma hydroxyvalerate (GHV), gamma butyrolactone (GBL), gamma valerolactone (GVL), and 1,4-hutanediol. The last three of these drugs all metabolize into GHB, so they have effects similar to those of GHB itself. None of the four analogs of GHB has yet been classified by the DEA in any one of the five schedules defined by the Controlled Substances Act. 

GHB precursors, or analogs (similar chemical compounds also known as chemical cousins ), were the legal way for users to achieve effects physiologically equivalent to GHB. Then, in February 2000, federal legislation made the GHB precursors controlled substances. 

The Controlled Substance Analogue Dmg Bill. This is contained within Public Law 99-570, the Controlled Substances Analogue Enforcement Act of 1986. This is the so-called Designer Dmg bill which was intended to allow the prosecution of any act associated with an unscheduled dmg, if that drug is analogous either in structure or in action to a scheduled dmg, and if it is intended for use in man. Here is the exact wording of this amendment ... 

In the UK, the principle legislative documents are the Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971, plus its amendment orders, and the Misuse of Drugs (Regulations), 2001. In the United States, drugs are controlled at the Federal level by the Controlled Substances Act. Control also exists at the State and County levels. An analogous... 

Caution.- This is a controlled Substance (depressant) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1987). The ethytamine, pyrrolidine and thiophene analogs are listed as hallucinogens, Title 21 Part 1308.11. therap cat Anesthetic (intravenous). 

Fourteen formulations of chemical alternatives were submitted to EPA under confidentiality and they were assessed based on numerous human health and ecotoxicity endpoints in addition to bioaccumulation potential and environmental persistence. They were also screened for potential exposure to workers, users and the aquatic environment. Where data gaps existed, EPA experts used models and chemical analogs to estimate the hazard for a particular endpoint. The literature and test data reviews were published in the final report, Environmentally Preferable Options for Furniture Fire Safety Low Density Furniture Foam . In addition, each hazard endpoint was ranked with a concern level (High, Moderate or Low) based on the criteria used by the EPA s New Chemicals Program to rate the concern level of new chemicals submitted under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). As seen in Figure 8.2, where the hazard endpoint rankings are bold, the value is based on experimental data. Where the hazard endpoints are presented in italic font, the value is estimated based on models or chemical analogs. In this way, detailed hazard information was summarized and presented in a clear and concise format. 

The membranes of the other ion-selective electrodes can be either homogeneous (a single crystal, a pressed polycrystalline pellet) or heterogeneous, where the crystalline substance is incorporated in the matrix of a suitable polymer (e.g. silicon rubber or Teflon). The equation controlling the potential is analogous to Eq. (6.3.9). 

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