Controlled Burner Jet Direction, Timing, and Reach

Oxygen firing lowers the volume for circulation and raises the gas temperature, both of which may exacerbate nonuniformity. Excess air improves the circulation volume with lower gas temperature. 

Stepped firing alternates the positions of the burners that are on and those that are off in a programmed timing pattern to further even out temperatures, positionwise and timewise. This is the best method currently available for small burners for obtaining both excellent temperature uniformity and low fuel cost. 

ATP burners can control their thermal profile by by varying their spin to change the directions and lengths (reach) of their jets while maintaining near-stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. They are the best method currently available with large burners for obtaining both low fuel cost and excellent temperature uniformity because two T-sensor locations can be controlled by one burner (discussed in several places within this book). Regenerative burners with flame profile control will be the answer for excellent uniformity and fuel economy. 

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