Continuous quality improvement outcomes evaluation

Performance measures, or indicators, are frequently used to measure and compare pharmaceutical outcomes. Performance measures are used to monitor and evaluate important governance, management, clinical, and support functions that affect patient outcomes.A performance measure can be used in one of three ways to warn of potential quality problems, to measure the result of process improvement, and to monitor continuing performance.They are typically expressed as ratios. 

Life cycle management could support an active attitude towards improving the design quality of the product, as a contrast with just reacting to events, see also Sect. 35.4.1. fir contrast to licensed medicinal products for instance, pharmacy preparatirms are usually not tested on efficacy and safety before use in patient care. Their safety is based upon literature. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the outcomes of a treatment (pharmacovigilance, see also Sect. 35.4.2) and to relate this knowledge to the continuation, modification, or discontinuation of the product. The treatment outcomes generally consist of observations by the physicians, case reports, or retrospective analysis of patient dossiers. 

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