Electrophoresis continuous flow

Many 2D planar structures have been used to implement deflection (continuous flow) electrophoresis. The primary requirement is that flow and electrophoresis be carried out simultaneously and uniformly. Hanging paper curtains soaked with electrolyte and fed a stream of electrolyte from above served admirably for this purpose when the technique was initiated in the 1950s. In recent years thin flow channels enclosed between flat plates have become important. The process is complicated by parabolic flow, which distorts and effectively broadens the electrophoretic zones. More detail is available in the cited references on electrophoresis [3-5]. 

Gobie, W. A. Ivory, C. F. "Recycle Continuous Flow Electrophoresis Zero Diffusion Theory" AIChE ]. 1988, 34, pp 474-482. 

Many novel electrophoretic devices and techniques have been proposed for continuous electrophoretic separations such as the velocity-stabilized Biostream/Harwell device (9-11), the recycle continuous-flow electrophoresis device (12-14), Bier s isoelectric focusing technique (15),... 

High-Resolution, High-Yield Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis... 

Recycling effluent through a thin-film continuous flow electrophoresis (CFE) chamber allows virtually complete separation of a binary feed with negligible dilution of products and permits throughput to be increased by 0(100-10,000) over present thin-film CFE devices. An approximate model of recycle CFE is developed for the high Peclet number regime and solved analytically. The solution is used to characterize the behavior of a recycle CFE device. 

Saville, D. A. Ostrach, S. "Fluid Mechanics of Continuous Flow Electrophoresis" Final Report, Contract NAS-8-31349 Code 361, 1978. 

Rhodes, P. H. "Sample Stream Distortion Modeled in Continuous Flow Electrophoresis" NASA TM-78178, 1979. 

Weber, G. and Bocek, R, Optimized continuous flow electrophoresis. Electrophoresis, 17,1906-1910,... 

In the second step of intrinsic thromboplastin formation, active PTA reacts with inactive plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) to convert it to active PTC. The active PTC reacts with AHG and factor X to yield a compound referred to here as product I. What is substrate and what is enzyme in this reaction are not known. A little is known of product I because it has been possible to purify it chromatographically on DEAE and on continuous flow electrophoresis. Its properties will be discussed below. 

The theory of electrophoresis has been adequately covered in the excellent textbooks of Giddings [1] and Andrews [2] as well as in specific manuals [3], [4]. For discussion on electrophoresis in free liquid media, e.g., curtain, freeflow, endless belt, field-flow-fractionation, particle, and cell electrophoresis the reader is referred to a comprehensive review by Van Oss [5] and to a book largely devoted to continuous-flow electrophoresis [6], Here the focus is mostly on electrophoresis in a capillary support, i.e, in gel-stabilized media, and discussion is limited to protein applications. 

Fig. 1. Upper view of the continuous flow electrophoresis apparatus of Brattsten showing the packed chamber in front and the inlet and outlet plastic tubing passing throu the pumjang mechanism with the collecting tubes t the back.

Figure 7.3.1. Thin-fllm continuous-flow electrophoresis separator and idealized solute trajectory. (After Gobie et al. (1985).)...

It is useful to recall how multicomponent separation is achieved, for example in electrophoresis, before we focus on continuous chromatographic separation. As illustrated in Figure 7.3.1 in a thin-film continuous-flow electrophoresis separator, the feed mixture of proteins introduced at the feed point location x = jco) moves with the buffer in the z-direction at buffer velocity v. However, due to the electrical force in the perpendicular direction (jr-coordinate). 

Shamez, R. andD. Sammons, Strate esfor Enhancing Performance in Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis, I Selective Manipulation of Particle Trajectories, Preprints of First Separations Division Topical Conference on Separation Technolo es New Developments and Opportunities, Miami Beach, FL, Nov. 2-6 (1992), pp. 264-270. 

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