Glass matrix continuous fiber composites

Michalske, T.A. and Hellmann, J. (1988). Strength and toughness of continuous alumina fiber reinforced glass matrix composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 725 731. 

R. L. Lehman, Glass and Glass-Ceramic Matrix Fibre Composites, in Handbook on Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites, R. L. Lehman, S. K. El-Rahaiby and J. B. Wachtman eds., Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, USA (1995) 527-545. 

Composites. High molecular weight PPS can be combiaed with long (0.6 cm to continuous) fiber to produce advanced composite materials (131). Such materials having PPS as the polymer matrix have been developed by usiag a variety of reinforcements, including glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers as mat, fabric, and unidirectional reinforcements. Thermoplastic composites based on PPS have found application ia the aircraft, aerospace, automotive, appliance, and recreation markets (see Composite materials, polymer-matrix). 

There are many ways to classify composites, including schemes based upon (1) materials combinations, such as metal-matrix, or glass-fiber-reinforced composites (2) bulk-form characteristics, such as laminar composites or matrix composites (3) distribution of constituents, such as continuous or discontinuous or (4) function, like structural or electrical composites. Scheme (2) is the most general, so we will utilize it here. We will see that other classification schemes will be useful in later sections of this chapter. 

We will see in Section 5.4.2 that the elastic modulus of a unidirectional, continuous-fiber-reinforced composite depends on whether the composite is tested along the direction of fiber orientation (parallel) or normal to the fiber direction (transverse). In fact, the elastic modulus parallel to the fibers, Ei, is given by Eq. (1.62), whereas the transverse modulus, 2, is given by Eq. (1.63). Consider a composite material that consists of 40% (by volume) continuous, uniaxially aligned, glass fibers (Ef =16 GPa) in a polyester matrix (Em = 3 GPa). 

The axial and transverse tensile moduli for a continuous, unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite as predicted by Eqs. (5.88) and (5.92) are given as a function of volume fraction fiber, E/, in Eigure 5.87. Since Ef E, Eq. (5.92) reduces to the approximate expression ... 

Figure 5.87 Predicted tensile moduli for continuous, unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Reprinted, by permission, from N. G. McCrum, C. P. Buckley, and C. B. Bucknall, Principles of Polymer Engineering, 2nd ed., p. 259. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.

Consider, then, a composite material that consists of 60% by volume continuous, uniaxially-aligned, glass fibers in an epoxy matrix. Take the tensile modulus and Poisson s ratio of glass to be 76 GPa and 0.22, respectively, and of the epoxy to be 2.4 GPa and 0.34, respectively. Take the coefficients of thermal expansion to be 5 x 10 and 60 X 10 K for glass and epoxy, respectively. 

Composite In polymer technology a combination of a polymeric matrix and a reinforcing fiber with properties that the component materials do not have. The most common matrix resins are unsaturated thermosetting polyesters and epoxies, and reinforcing fibers are glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The reinforcing fibers may be continuous or discontinuous. Some matrix resins are thermoplastics. 

Engineering thermoplastics have also been used in preimpregnated constructions. The thermoplastic is thoroughly dispersed as a continuous phase in glass, other resins, carbon fibers (qv), or other reinforcement. Articles can be produced from these constructions using thermoforming techniques. For example, the aerospace industry uses polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in woven carbon-fiber tapes (26). Experimental uses of other composite constructions have been reported (27) (see also COMPOSITE MATERIALS, POLYMER-MATRIX). 

As mentioned previously, one of the major concerns for glass-ceramics reinforced with continuous fibers is the effect of matrix cracks in oxidizing environments. An important parameter in this kind of composite is the... 

Composites. Composites are materials that contain strong fibers or reinforcement embedded in a continuous phase called a matrix. They are found in jet fighters such as stealth fighters and bombers, in the reusable space shuttle, in graphite golf clubs, in synthetic human body parts, and for many years in marine craft (fibrous glass). 

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