Contact of phases

Coriolis flowmeter 267 Costich, E. W. 280,283,288.311 Coulson, J. M, 517, 565 Counter- and co-current flow, mass transfer 621 Countercurr ent contacting of phases 600 --flow 387... 

The plug flow contacting of phases may be accomplished in many ways by countercurrent flow as in blast furnaces and cement kilns [Fig. 26. ( )], by cross-flow as in moving belt feeders for furnaces [Fig. 26.1(6)], or by cocurrent flow as in polymer driers [Fig. 26.1(c)]. 

Six different regimes of fluidization are identified in Figure 6.11 and its legend. Particulate fluidization, class (b) of the figure, is desirable for most processing since it affords intimate contacting of phases. Fluidization depends primarily on the sizes and densities of the particles, but also on their roughness and the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the gas. Especially small particles are subject to electrostatic and interparticle forces. 

Partitioning of components between two immiscible or partially miscible phases is the basis of classical solvent extraction widely used in numerous separations of industrial interest. Extraction is mostly realized in systems with dispergation of one phase into the second phase. Dispergation could be one origin of problems in many systems of interest, like entrainment of organic solvent into aqueous raffinate, formation of stable, difficult-to-separate emulsions, and so on. To solve these problems new ways of contacting of liquids have been developed. An idea to perform separations in three-phase systems with a liquid membrane is relatively new. The first papers on supported liquid membranes (SLM) appeared in 1967 [1, 2] and the first patent on emulsion liquid membrane was issued in 1968 [3], If two miscible fluids are separated by a liquid, which is immiscible with them, but enables a mass transport between the fluids, a liquid membrane (LM) is formed. A liquid membrane enables transport of components between two fluids at different rates and in this way to perform separation. When all three phases are liquid this process is called pertraction (PT). In most processes with liquids membrane contact of phases is realized without dispergation of phases. 

Contacting flow pattern as co-, counter-, and crosscurrent contacting of phases. 

Equipment utilizing continuous contacting of phases cannot be represented strictly as a collection of equilibrium stages. Instead, design procedures are generally based on mass transfer rates that are integrated over the height of the... 

Several processes, both physical and chemical, are nowadays carried out in various type of fluidised and spouted bed apparatuses. The phenomena of abrasion and grindability, associated with the contact of phases are estimated in different ways, depending on the process in which they take place [6]. Usually it, is treated as a factor lowering the efficiency of the processes running in fluidised and spouted beds. 

The liquid acts in the device by means of an axial branch pipe. At dispersion liquids, the zone of contact of phases increases and, hence, the effective utilization of working voliune of the device takes place more. 

Following the equilibrium stage model described earlier, distillation columns are designed to give discontinuous contact of phases in a series of stages. 

For the purpose of increase in the surface of contact of phases the device is developed for the quality of contact of the phases, which is presented in Figure 1.5. 

FIGURE 1.5 The device for the quality of contact of phases —the coagulation tank 2— breakdown pipes 3—feeding into of an irrigating hquid 4—gas feeding into 5—a gas leading-out 6,7—air swirlers 8—an exit branch. 

In wet apparatuses, heat-and-mass transfer that occur and their completeness depend on character and intensity of contact of phases. Technological calculation of the wet apparatus in the fullest aspect develops three independent calculations heat exchange between an irrigation water and medium in the apparatus, a mass transfer (absorption of gases and steams a liquid, liquid transpiration), and trapping of aerosol corpuscles [26-30]. 

The Invention is directed on an intensification of process of gas purification due to more effective utilization of action of centrifugal forces and increases in a surface of contact of phases. 

Increase of efficiency of gas purification is reached achieved due to installation conic dissector promoting formation education of flat radial jets of a liquid which, being reflected fi-om the case of the device create a high-intensity surface of contact of phases. 

The Gas stream containing mechanical or gaseous impurity, acts on a tangential branch pipe 3 in the ring space formed by the case 1 and rotor 12. The liquid acts in the device by means of an axial branch pipe 10. Owing to that die axial branch pipe 10 supplies of a liquid is placed before vortex generator 5, at dispersion liquids the zone of contact of phases increases and, hence, the effective utilization of working volume of the device takes place more. 

At rotation of a rotor 12, liquid takes a great interest in blades vortex generator 5, moistens their surface and is sprayed in the form of fine drops on a way of movement of cleared gases that provides high-intensity contact of phases outside of conic vortex generator 5 and raises increases efficiency of clearing of gas. 

Twirled water gas, the mix cooperates with blades 9, is intensively spitted up that leads to updating of a surface of contact of phases and an intensification of processes of an interphase exchange. 

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