Conservation, of charges

Charge is conserved within each phase because electrochemical reactions occur only at the interface between the phases. Therefore, no charge is generated or consumed within each phase, leading to the current density, i, expression  

In the sohd active materials, the transport of charge is by electrons and thus can be described by Ohm s law through the solid phase potential, 4 s- 

In the electrolyte phase, charge is transferred by ions through both migration and diffusion. Therefore, the current obeys the modified Ohm s law for a concentrated binary electrolyte. 

Equations 25.4 and 25.5 determine the electrical potentials in the solid and electrolyte phases, respectively. 

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The stoichiometry between two reactants in a precipitation reaction is governed by a conservation of charge, requiring that the total cation charge and the total anion charge in the precipitate be equal. The reaction units in a precipitation reaction, therefore, are the absolute values of the charges on the cation and anion that make up the precipitate. Applying equation 2.3 to a precipitate of Ca3(P04)2 formed from the reaction of Ca and P04 , we write... 

Quantitative Calculations The stoichiometry of a precipitation reaction is given by the conservation of charge between the titrant and analyte (see Section 2C) thus... 

Conservation of charge for this back titration requires that Moles Ag+ = moles K + moles SCN ... 

Because the solution is electrically neutral, conservation of charge is expressed by differentiating Eq. (22-16) ... 

This identity is but another way of expressing the law of conservation of charge. 

Reactions occur such that the net change of oxidation numbers is zero. (This last rule is really a result of the conservation of charge.)... 

Alkalmity is helpful in describing the acidneutralizing ability of an aqueous solution that may contain many ions. In any ionic equilibrium there is a conservation of charge condition. 

When the atom with the lone pair does not have a negative charge to begin with, then it will end np with the positive charge in the end (remember conservation of charge) ... 

Exampie shows, conservation of charge and mass number permit identification of the participants in binuciear reactions. 

As can be seen, the process does not violate the principle of conservation of charge. 

CONSERVATION OF CHARGE, LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, LAW OF CONSTANT RATIO METHODS CONSTITUENT Constitutional isomerism,... 

Each step includes a conservation of charge. Conservation of charge is an important part of all mechanisms. 

Before going to the next step, make sure the step you just finished is reasonable. For example, are the electrons moving in the same direction Are the intermediates reasonably stable Do you have like charges close together Is there conservation of charge ... 

When you balance a chemical reaction equation, the primary concern is to obey the principle of conservation of mass The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. (See Chapter 8 if you need to review this process.) In redox reactions, you must obey a second principle as well the conservation of charge. The total number of electrons lost must equal the total number of electrons gained. In other words, you can t just leave electrons lying around. The universe is finicky about that type of thing. 

Many of the titration experiments, however, have dealt with boric acid solutions in which the only positive ion is H+. In this case the conservation of charge Equation XI becomes... 

Sample Problem 1.2 Because of the conservation of the number of nucleons in the nucleus and conservation of charge during radioactive decay (Table 1.1),... 

The conservation of charge is a fundamental law for all processes, such as the addition of nucleophiles to it systems or acid-base reactions. The first step of die basic hydrolysis of nitriles has die hydroxide ion adding to the it bond of die nitrile. For the purposes of mechanistic discussion, the hydroxide is shown widiout its counterion and die net charge on the reactant side of the equation is — 1. Consequently, the product of diis first step (and each subsequent step) must also have a net negative charge. 

This p term does not occur in the conventional formalism, so that is conventionally aligned with the direction of current, Jo. Similarly, in the case of a steady current, conservation of charge requires n Jo = 0, so that p = 0 automatically, which again leads to the alignment of with the current direction. Again as B = V x A, so B L (aj - 0 + pn). 

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