Conjugation indicators

Table 1 Oligomer molecular weight summary of selected enkephalin conjugates indicating the predominance of monoconjugates. Amphiphilic properties were only associated with singly conjugated derivatives...

Olive oil wastewaters are rich in antioxidant compounds, particularly in hydroxytyrosol derivatives (Visioli et al., 1999). Hydroxytyrosol strongly inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation stimulated by 2,2 -azobis(2-aminopropane) hydrochloride (Aruoma et al., 1998). Further investigations point out that hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein are potent scavengers of superoxide radicals (Visioli et al, 1998). Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are dose-dependently absorbed by humans and eliminated as their glucuronide conjugates, indicating a good bioavailability (Visioli et al., 2000). 

If we consider the studied solution to be infinitely diluted we can neglect the term connected with the activity coefficients of the charged particles in the solution and obtain finally that the Hammett function is dependent only on the proton activity and the primary medium effects for the conjugate indicator pair ... 

Structural Alerts The term refers to a metabolite that belongs to a chemical class with known toxicity, a metabolite that contains positive structural alerts for certain toxicity, or a GSH adduct/mercapturic acid conjugate indicative of a trapped reactive intermediate. 

One of the first studies involved the modification of interferon of-la with linear succinimidyl carbonate PEG (SC-PEG 5 kDa), in base buffer pH 10, via a urea linkage. The coupling, performed at an equimolar ratio of protein and polymer, led mainly to mono-PEGylated isomers and, in small amounts, to di-PEGylated conjugates and free interferon. Characterization of the conjugates indicated that lysine residues were the only site of PEGylation [47]. 

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