Conical sheets

Conical Sheets. Conical sheets are deemed to be shorter than flat sheets because the radius of the curvature may have a destabilizing effect on fluctuations.Fraser et al.[116] indicated that dilational waves in a sheet may be neglected because the degree of instability of these waves is always less than that of sinuous waves. 

Pressure Atomizers The commonest type of pressure atomizer is the swirl-type (Fig. 24-24). Entering a small cup through tangential orilices, the oil swirls at high velocity. The outlet forms a dam around the open end of the cup, and the oil spills over the dam in the form of a thin conical sheet, which subsequently breaks up into thin filaments and then droplets. Depending on the fuel viscosity, operating pressures range from 0.69 to 6.9 MPa (100 to 1000 psia) and the attainable... 

In Range 3, the spray sheet is well developed, but the angle of the cone (a) becomes smaller as the viscosity is increased. This leads to a thicker sheet at the point of breakup, and hence the drop size increases. Eventually, at very high viscosities, a conical sheet is no longer formed. 

Liquid leaves as conical sheet as a result of centrifugal motion of liquid. Air core extends into nozzle. 

Conical sheet is developed by flow between orifice and poppet. Increased pressure causes poppet to move out and increase flow area. 

Hollow-Cone Sprays. In swid atomizers, the Hquid emerges from the exit orifice in the form of a conical sheet. As the Hquid sheet spreads radially outward, aerodynamic instabiHty immediately takes place and leads to the formation of waves which subsequently disintegrate into Hgaments and droplets. Figure 3 illustrates the breakup process in an aimular Hquid sheet. 

The main part of the disk-stack centrifuge is shown schematically in Figure 9.3b. The instrument consists of a stack of conical sheets which rotates on the vertical shaft, with the clearances between the cones being as small as 0.3 mm. The feed is supplied near the bottom center, and passes up through the matching holes in the cones (the liquid paths are shown in Figure 9.3b). The solid particles or... 

Figure 35. A model of chevron textures (the chevrons are viewed from the top) showing alternating angular and rounded contours, at both the slide and the coverslip level. Prismatic domains d and d are filled with antiparallel conical sheets, in continuity along the generators r, s, t and u. Parabolic contours M, N and P join and form angles along the lines L at the coverslip level C, and similarly arcs M, N and P join and form angles along the lines L at the slide level S.

The vertices of two focal conics are singular, since they correspond to a reverse in the orientation of the materialized conic sheets of Dupin s cyclides. These points often disjoin into pairs of lower energy (see Fig. 31 d and Fig. 11 in Bouligand [53]). At a transition from a smectic A to a smectic C phase disclination lines appear in focal domains, linking the two conics, and are of the type shown in Fig. 21a and b [118]. Their origin is easily understood from Figs. 14 and 25 in Bouligand and Kleman [57]. 

Figure 18.6 exhibits the propagation and breakup of a swirling conical sheet of liquid tin (Sn) at t = 4.5 ms in simulations. The mass flow rate of melt tin (Sn) is... 

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