Geometry, conical

The abrupt rise in the middle (C) is caused by starting bulk condensation of the adsorbing gas in small pores. On increasing the pressure, bulk condensation occurs in even larger pores, and if all pores are filled, finally the isotherm becomes horizontal again (D). Adsorption and desorption branches retrace each other only for nonporous materials or special cases with pores of certain conical geometry. 

Figure 6.25 Schematic diagram of the thermoforming process of a conical geometry. Next, we can compute the dimensionless freeze line using,...

Another type of nondisk-shaped SECM tips are UMEs shaped as spherical caps. They can be obtained, for example, by reducing mercuric ions on an inlaid Pt disk electrode or simply by dipping a Pt UME into mercury [15]. An approximate procedure developed for conical geometry was also used to model spherical cap tips [12]. Selzer and Mandler performed accurate simulations of hemispherical tips using the alternative direction implicit final difference method to obtain steady-state approach curves and current transients [14]. As with conical electrodes, the feedback magnitude deceases with increasing height of the spherical cap, and it is much lower for a hemispherical tip than for the one shaped as a disk. 

The structures and abbreviations used for designating the calix[4]arenes are shown in (5). These calix[4]arenes, have both a wide (upper) and a narrow (lower) rim that can be chemically modified to produce complexants that are selective for particular metal ions. In the simple calixarene framework the wide rim has hydrocarbon functionalities, and the narrow rim phenolic groups. Calixarenes are conformationally mobile, and the extreme structures for the calix[4]arenes have been termed the cone, partial cone, 1,3-alternate, and 1,2-alternate conformations (6). Because of the conical geometry of the calix[4]arene structure, the cavity size of the wide rim is larger than that of the narrow rim. 

Fig. 1.6. Beam directioning during soft-landing the focusing octopole ion guide. The schematics present a 3D view of the newly constructed conical octopole guide. Eight rods shaped as truncated cone (diameter rejuvenates from 3 to 0.5 mm) are arranged in a conical geometry. Two Teflon plates at the ends with four carriage bolts and two metal collars (in the cylindrical part) keep the conical geometry. The ion entrance orifice opens 9 mm in iimer diameter and the exit focuses to around 2-mm spot size [74]...

BUnd-drilled holes should end with a conical geometry to allow the use of standard drills. 

Because of the conical geometry, the shear rate is uniform throughout the fluid. The torque necessary to rotate the cone is related to the shear stress by ... 

Zoski CG, Liu B, Bard AJ (2004) Scanning electro-chanical microscopy theory and characterization of electrodes of finite conical geometry. Anal Chem 76(13) 3646-3654. doi 10.1021/ac049938... 

Figure 9.6 Periodic traveling polymer gel contraction in conical geometry. The OSFR is fed with the BS reaction.

FIGURE 5.10 Steady-state current-distance curves for a conical tip over conductive (A) and insulating (B) substrates corresponding to the values of the parameter f/=/i/a shown in the figure. L is the distance between the substrate and the point of tip closest to it normalized by the base radius. The upper curve in (A) and the lower curve in (B) were computed for a disk-shaped tip. (Adapted from Zoski, C.G., Liu, B., and Bard, A.J., Scanning electrochemical microscopy Theory and characterization of electrodes of finite conical geometry. Anal. Chem., 76, 3646-3654, 2004. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.)... 

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