Congruent solidification

A number of lanthanide compounds with Pd, Sn, and In crystallize in the O13 Au structure. These compounds have been extensively studied because most of them are fairly easy to prepare by congruent solidification from the melt, sometimes even as single crystals. In addition the simple structure makes it possible to perform self-consistent band-structure calculations (Konig 1983). In fig. 8 XPS and BIS data are shown for YPdj (Hillebrecht et al. 1983b). Again the reduced intensity at p... 

Let us now switch to a discussion of the solidification process, which occurs at a solid-melt interface. In principle, solidification processes are equally applicable to congruently melting metals and nonmetals in other words, to any substance that melts uniformly and forms a liquid with the same composition as the solid. 

Analysis of solidification processes of varions salt solntions demonstrated that the concentrations of the solutions that transform congrnently to a solid amorphons state after partial crystallization of ice are almost the same for the particnlar salt, irrespective of the initial concentration of the solntion and, with some limitations, of the cooling rate. If the solution of this concentration, called the critical concentration of solntion (CJ is used, the system transforms to the vitreous state congruently, even at moderate cooling rates. This concentration was... 

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