Confocal block copolymers

Figure 47.5. Effect of HRP modification widi Pluionic block copolymer on ti ansport across tlie BBB in an in viti o and in vivo models. A HRP conjugated witli Plui onic P85 via tlie biodegradable bond B confocal microphotogi aph of BBMEC monolayers tieated witli rhodamine-labeled HRP and Plui onic-HRP for 2h C blood-to-brain ti ansport of HRP and Plui onic-HRP in mice.

No.9, 1997,p.2067-75 STUDY OF THE CONFORMATIONS OF POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTAM) AND POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTAM)-POLYBUTADIENE BLOCK COPOLYMERS BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY WITH PHOTOACOUSTIC DETECTION AND BY MICRO-RAMAN CONFOCAL SPECTROSCOPY Schmidt P Fernandez M R Pastor J M Roda J Czech Republic,Academy of Sciences ... 

FTIR spectroscopy with photoacoustic detection and micro-Raman confocal spectroscopy were used to study the conformations of poIy(epsilon caprolactam) and poly(epsilon-caprolactam)-polybutadiene block copolymers. In the block copolymers prepared by anionic polymerisation, the fraction of the planar conformation of poly(epsilon-caprolactam) chains decreased with increasing polybutadiene content. In the surface layers formed by rapid saw cutting and in the islands formed by microtome cutting, the content of the planar conformation was lowered. This was substantially increased by water treatment, especially at elevated temperatures. 15 refs. 

Figure 6.10 Scanning electron microscopy and confocal Raman images of a ternary blend— polystyrene (PS), pentafluorostyrene)-b-polystyrene (P5FS-b-PS), and polystyrene-b-poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PS-b-PPEGMA). Solvent casting under 70% relative humidity induces regular pores in which the copolymer distribution depends on the polarity of the component. Red color indicates the presence of PS and P5FS-b-PS, and blue color is indicative of PS-b-PPEGMA. Depth analysis of the pore composition evidenced a heterogeneous distribution of the block copolymer within the pore.

Various planar membrane models have been developed, either for fundamental studies or for translational applications monolayers at the air-water interface, freestanding films in solution, solid supported membranes, and membranes on a porous solid support. Planar biomimetic membranes based on amphiphilic block copolymers are important artificial systems often used to mimic natural membranes. Their advantages, compared to artificial lipid membranes, are their improved stability and the possibility of chemically tailoring their structures. The simplest model of such a planar membrane is a monolayer at the air-water interface, formed when amphiphilic molecules are spread on water. As cell membrane models, it is more common to use free-standing membranes in which both sides of the membrane are accessible to water or buffer, and thus a bilayer is formed. The disadvantage of these two membrane models is the lack of stability, which can be overcome by the development of a solid supported membrane model. Characterization of such planar membranes can be challenging and several techniques, such as AFM, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, confocal laser scan microscopy (CLSM), electrophoretic mobility, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), contact angle, ellipsometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), patch clamp, or X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to characterize their... 

Figure 19.15 FE-SEM images of PF-b-PMMA ES fibers as a function of solution volatility (a) THF (b) THF/DMF (50/50) (c) DMF. The inset figures show the enlarged FE-SEM and confocal microscopy images of the above ES fibers. (Reproduced with permission from C.-C. Kuo, Y.-C. Tung, C.-H. Lin and W.-C. Chen, Novel luminescent electrospun fibers prepared from conjugated rod-coil block copolymer of poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfiuorene)]-block-poly(methyl methacrylate), Macrmolecular Rapid Communications, 2008, 29, 1711-1715. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA.)...

Fig. 2.18 Set of images which illustrate the successful gene Uansfer of RNA by cationic polymers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of cells incubated with compiexes prepared with siRNA (red) and the homopolymer (QNPHOS), block copolymer (QNPHOS-PEO) or the reference polymer (PDMAEMA). Images a Patton of cells with light microscopy. Images b stained Nuclei of cells. Images c Complexes with siRNA. Ima d Red complexes with siRNA Blue stained nuclei. Reproduced from [58] with permission from Elsevier...

Fig. 6.6.2. Hierarchical self-assembly of an and (b) laser-scanning confocal microscopy, ionic poly(L-lysine)n6o-b-poly(L-leucine)4o block (Subscripts indicate the number-average copolymer amphiphile into nanosized degree of polymerization of the blocks,...

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