Conductive coatings, solution

For coated products, since this is the finished form, sampling and testing should also be conducted. The emphasis is usually on the cores, however, where the sample identity across the batch is known and can be evaluated. At the coated stage, the effect of the coating solution on dissolution is probably of most interest. Individual coating pans, either all of them or some portion of them, should be sampled and tested, with pan number identity maintained. 

The working TFE solution with active additives displays a sufficiently high electrical conduction. This solution has been used in the studies of electrochemical properties of fullerenes and in the electrodeposition of fullerenes as coatings or for the production of a great quantity of product as fullerenes or their compounds on the electrodes. 

In addition to this, we have investigated different ways to apply a HV on the liquid. Applying HV directly onto the silicon support of the nib turned out to give smoother and more reliable ionization conditions for nanospray purposes than using a metallic wire in contact with the solution. Moreover this route alleviates any problem linked to the deterioration of the conductive coating present on standard ionization sources, which often results in analysis degradation. Therefore, these nib-shaped sources should allow enhancement of analysis conditions in continuous mode for on-line analysis. 

Novel conductive composite films have been developed by Kaplin and Qutubuddin [101] using a two-step process microemulsion polymerization to form a porous conductive coating on an electrode followed by electropolymerization of an electroactive monomer such as pyrrole. The porous matrix was prepared by polymerizing an SDS microemulsion containing two monomers, acrylamide and styrene [102], The electropolymerization of pyrrole was performed in an aqueous perchlorate or toluenesulfonate solution. The effects of polymerization potential on the electropolymerization, morphology, and electrochemical properties were reported [101]. The copolymer matrix improves the mechanical behavior of the polypyrrole composite film. 

Fig. 4 Photocurrent action spectra (IPCE) obtained for solid Ti02/spiro-OMeTAD heterojunctions, sensitized with three different sensitizers. (For device structure, see Fig. 3.) The dyes were absorbed from above solution for 48 hours at room temperature. All devices are based on 4-pm thick nanocrystalline TiOz electrodes and spiro-OMeTAD as hole conducting layer (0.070 mol% spiro-OMeTAD++(PFe) in respect to spiro-OMeTAD the spin coating solution contained 15 mM Li[(CF3S02)2N]). The counter electrode was a 10-nm thick gold layer.

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