Conducting polymers characteristics

A very high, price and performance family of polymers called liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) exhibit extremely high mechanical and thermal properties. As their ease of processing and price improve, they may find appHcation in thin-waH, high strength parts such as nails, bolts, and fasteners where metal parts cannot be used for reasons of conductivity, electromagnetic characteristics, or corrosion. 

Table 3. Battery Characteristics for Conductive Polymer Electrodes...

The group in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [55] has fabricated a macroscale device by depositing the conducting polymer (poly(/j-phenylenevinylene)) on the MWCNT film (Fig. 16). They have observed the characteristic rectifying effect from the l-V curve, which suggests the CNTs inject holes efficiently into the polymer layer. However, due to the difficulty in... 

The electrochemical characteristics of an electroactive ion immobilized in a conducting polymer film depend on whether the film is conductive at the formal potential of the ion.243... 

TCNQ-Polyphosphazene Systems. Tetracyanoquinodimethane (XX) salts crystallize in the form of stacked arrays that allow electrical semiconductivity (42). Although this phenomenon has been studied in many laboratories, it has not been possible to fabricate conductive films or wires from these substances because of the brittleness that is characteristic of organic single crystals. However, it seemed possible that, if the flexibility and ease of fabrication of many polyphosphazenes could be combined with the electrical properties of TCNQ, conducting polymers might be accessible. 

As it logically follows from the considered mechanism and the existing experimental data, PANI-type conductive polymers can certainly be used to improve the characteristics of electrochemical capacitors. According to our estimations, a specific capacity of electrodes with conductive polymers could be increased by as much as to 3-5 times over that of the classical carbon electrodes. 

CNT-doped conducting polymers possess improved mechanical, chemical, and optical properties. They also provide a simple strategy for making aligned CNTs. The disappearance of the characteristic peaks of carbon nanotubes in the FTIR spectrum of polymer/CNT composite films is normally an indication of perfect enwrapping of CNTs with the deposited conducting polymer [162, 163], Zhang et al. [40] have studied the... 

In this article we report the synthesis and electrochemical properties of the polymer derived from oxidation of X, poly(I), and the characteristics of a microelectrochemical transistor based on the polymer. Poly(I), which is formed by electrochemical oxidation of X, Equation 1, consists of a conducting polymer backbone, polythiophene. 

One of the most important applications of nanoporous membranes is as nanoscaffolds in template synthesis, to replicate the structural features of the nanopores, or patterns, into metals [233], carbons [234], semiconductors [235,236], conductive polymers [237,238], and other materials [239]. The important characteristics of template synthesis have been best reviewed by Martin [188,240]. In short, it is a robust, general method suitable for the... 

The discovery of the metal-like properties of conducting polymers has once again focused attention on the oxidation and reduction characteristics of aromatic systems. It turns out that most of these conducting materials consist of chainlike connected carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatics [94-97]. 

All these data show that only small changes of the polymerization parameters may lead to characteristic differences in the resulting structures of conducting polymers. Structural properties - for example, regularity and homogeneity of chain structures, but also chain length play an important role in our understanding of the properties of such materials. Spectroscopic methods have proved particularly... 

The electrolyte concentration is very important when it comes to discussing mechanisms of ion transport. Molar conductivity-concentration data show conductivity behaviour characteristic of ion association, even at very low salt concentrations (0.01 mol dm ). Vibrational spectra show that by increasing the salt concentration, there is a change in the environment of the ions due to coulomb interactions. In fact, many polymer electrolyte systems are studied at concentrations greatly in excess of 1.0 mol dm (corresponding to ether oxygen to cation ratios of less than 20 1) and charge transport in such systems may have more in common with that of molten salt hydrates or coulomb fluids. However, it is unlikely that any of the models discussed here will offer a unique description of ion transport in a dynamic polymer electrolyte host. Models which have been used or developed to describe ion transport in polymer electrolytes are outlined below. 

In this chapter we will attempt to provide a brief but illustrative description of the various aspects of the research and technology of conducting polymers. To appreciate fully the diverse range of operations that these materials may fulfil, it is crucial to understand their basic properties. Therefore, particular attention will be devoted here to the description of the mechanism of charge transport and to the characteristics of the electrodic processes in electrochemical cells. 

Marinakos SM, Anderson MF, Ryan JA, Martin LD, Feldheim DL. Encapsulation, permeability, and cellular uptake characteristics of hollow nanometer-sized conductive polymer capsules. J Phys Chem B 2001 105 8872-8876. 

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