Conductance/conduction quadratic

Specific conductivity (%) of all investigated mixtures showed quadratic dependence on the absolute temperature (T), which can be presented as follows ... 

Blom et al. [85] stated that the l/V characteristics in LEDs based on ITO/di-alkoxy-PPVs/Ca are determined by the bulk conductivity and not by the charge carrier injection, which is attributed to the low barrier heights at the interface ITO/PPV and PPV/Ca. They observed that the current flow in so called hole-only devices [80], where the work function of electrodes are close to the valence band of the polymer, with 1TO and Au as the electrodes, depends quadratically on the voltage in a logl/logV plot and can be described with following equation, which is characteristic for a space-charge-limitcd current (SCL) flow (s. Fig. 9-26) ... 

We must stress, however, that the Black-Halperin analysis has been conducted for only a single substance, namely, amorphous silica, and systematic studies on other materials should be done. The discovered numerical inconsistency may well turn out to be within the deviations of the heat capacity and conductivity from the strict linear and quadratic laws, repsectively. Finally, a controllable kinetic treatment of a time-dependent experiment would be necessary. 

We have carrried out an analysis of the multilevel structure of the tunneling centers that goes beyond a semiclassical picture of the formation of those centers at the glass transition, which was primarily employed in this chapter. These effects exhibit themselves in a deviation of the heat capacity and conductivity from the nearly linear and quadratic laws, respectively, that are predicted by the semiclassical theory. 

In 1883, Osborn Reynolds conducted a classical experiment, illustrated in Fig. 6-1, in which he measured the pressure drop as a function of flow rate for water in a tube. He found that at low flow rates the pressure drop was directly proportional to the flow rate, but as the flow rate was increased a point was reached where the relation was no longer linear and the noise or scatter in the data increased considerably. At still higher flow rates the data became more reproducible, but the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate became almost quadratic instead of linear. 

Transmittance within the band is a simple quadratic function of energy. Its maximum is at the middle of the band, and it goes to zero at the edges of the band. In the long chain limit, transmittance (like the band width) becomes independent of system size. Within the molecular band, sudden changes in the conductance... 

If the F-test is significant then there is evidence of a quadratic effect due to at least one of the variables. With the present design, however, the investigator will not be able to determine which of the variables has a quadratic effect on the response. Additional experimentation, perhaps by augmenting the current design with some star points to construct a central composite design (see section on central composite designs below), will need to be conducted to fully explore the nature of the quadratic response surface. 

If we first consider only those chemisorption processes in which an electron transfer takes place from the semiconductor to the chemisorbing gas, we can summarize the result of these calculations as follows The value of the work function must increase if a chemisorption takes place with the consumption of electrons by the chemisorbed gas. The increase of the work function can be expressed in the case of an w-conducting adsorbent by a quadratic, and in the case of a p-conducting adsorbent by a combined linear-logarithmic dependence on the surface concentration of the... 

Conduct both linear and quadratic regression analyses for each calibration curve. Choose the method which provides the higher/ 2 value for quantification of each lipid class in the sample. 

The relationship of the thermal conductivities of fabrics and volume fractions of water in the interfiber spaces was expressed by a quadratic curve when the heat flow was normal to the fabric surface and by a straight line when the flow was parallel to the warp yarns. Except for hairy wool fabrics, the thermal conductivity of various wet fabrics may be calculated from the equations of Naka and Kamata (J3). An earlier investigation used an environmentally controlled room as a periodic heat source, and observed conductivities of 1-2 x 10 l cal/cm-sec °C for cotton, linen, and wool fabrics, and changes to 2-10 x 10 when the water content of these fabrics were increased ( ). After correcting for anisotropic effects, good agreement between actual conductivity measurements of wool fabrics and those calculated from a mathematical model of a random arrangement of fibers was observed. 

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