Latent heat condensation

The heat of condensation (latent heat) of saturated steam at 500 kPa is given in the steam table as 503.6kcalkg-1. Hence, the steam consumption is 58140/ 503.6= 115.4 kgh-1. 

Latent heat of vaporization decreases i.e., reboiler and condenser duties become lower. 

The dominant heating and cooling duties associated with a distillation column are the reboiler and condenser duties. In general, however, there will be other duties associated with heating and cooling of feed and product streams. These sensible heat duties usually will be small in comparison with the latent heat changes in reboilers and condensers. 

On compression, a gaseous phase may condense to a liquid-expanded, L phase via a first-order transition. This transition is difficult to study experimentally because of the small film pressures involved and the need to avoid any impurities [76,193]. There is ample evidence that the transition is clearly first-order there are discontinuities in v-a plots, a latent heat of vaporization associated with the transition and two coexisting phases can be seen. Also, fluctuations in the surface potential [194] in the two phase region indicate two-phase coexistence. The general situation is reminiscent of three-dimensional vapor-liquid condensation and can be treated by the two-dimensional van der Waals equation (Eq. Ill-104) [195] or statistical mechanical models [191]. 

When an atom or molecule receives sufficient thermal energy to escape from a Hquid surface, it carries with it the heat of vaporization at the temperature at which evaporation took place. Condensation (return to the Hquid state accompanied by the release of the latent heat of vaporization) occurs upon contact with any surface that is at a temperature below the evaporation temperature. Condensation occurs preferentially at all poiats that are at temperatures below that of the evaporator, and the temperatures of the condenser areas iacrease until they approach the evaporator temperature. There is a tendency for isothermal operation and a high effective thermal conductance. The steam-heating system for a building is an example of this widely employed process. 

Steam-Heated Exchangers Steam, the most common heating medium, transfers its latent heat in condensing, causing heat flow to be proportional to steam flow. Thus, a measurement olsteam flow is essentially a measure of heat transfer. Consider raising a hquid from temperature Ti to To by condensing steam ... 

If an ascending air parcel reaches saturation, the addition of latent heat from condensing moisture will partially overcome the cooling due to expansion. Therefore, the saturated adiabatic lapse rate (of cooling) is smaller than y. ... 

The calculation of the turbine firing temperature (Ttit) is based firstly on the fuel injected into the turbine and the fuel s lower heating value (LHV). The lower heating value of the gas is one in which the Fl20 in the products has not condensed. The lower heating value is equal to the higher heating value minus the latent heat of the condensed water vapor. 

Note that Q refers only to sensible heat transfer. All latent heat is transferred via mass transfer. Likewise, h refers only to a dry gas coefficient (no condensation considered). 

The situation changes when the system pressure becomes high enough for refrigerant to condense in the condenser and reject the resulting latent heat to the environment. Further addition of heat to the adsorbate desorbs more refrigerant which condenses in the condenser and trickles down into the receiver. The system pressure stays approximately constant as desorption and condensation proceed. 

In addition to volume changes the effect of temperature is also important. Thus the specific latent heat of vaporization of a chemical is the quantity of heat, expressed as kJ/kg, required to change unit mass of liquid to vapour with no associated change in temperature. This heat is absorbed on vaporization so tliat residual liquid or tlie sunoundings cool. Alternatively an equivalent amount of heat must be removed to bring about condensation. Thus the temperature above a liquefied gas is reduced as tlie liquid evaporates and tlie bulk liquid cools. There may be consequences for heat transfer media and the strength of construction materials at low temperatures. 

Condensation is the process of reduction of matter into a denser form, as in the liquefaction of vapor or steam. Condensation is the result of the reduction of temperature by the removal of the latent heat of evaporation. The removal of heat shrinks the volume of the vapor and decreases the velocity of, and the distance between, molecules. The process can also be thought of as a reaction involving the union of atoms in molecules. The process often leads to the elimination of a simple molecule to form a new and more complex compound. 

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