Compounds of Ruthenium O

Apart from Ru(CO)5 and other carbonyls, there are mixed carbonyl-phosphine species and a few simple phosphine complexes like Ru(PF3)5 and Ru[P(OMe)3]5 [61a]. 

Photochemistry of Ru(CO)3(PMe3)2 and the ruthenium(II) compound Ru(CO)2(PMe3)2H2 in low-temperature matrices affords [Ru(CO)2(PMe3)2—S] (S = Ar, Xe, CH4) [61b]. These monomers all have 18-electron tbp structures. 

The phosphine complex Ru(dmpe)2 has been studied in matrices [62]. Ru(diphos)2 (diphos = depe, dppe, (C2F5)2P(CH2)2P(C2F5)2) has similarly been formed by photolysis of Ru(diphos)2H2 in low-temperature matrices. They probably have square planar structures and undergo oxidative addition with cobalt, C2H4 and hydrogen [63]. 

Additionally a number of nitrosyls such as Ru(NO)2(PPh3)2 (section 1.8.5) exist. 

Because of the relationship between compounds in the adjacent oxidation states +2 and +3, they are grouped together here the section is subdivided by ligand, concentrating on some classes of complex important in their diversity and in current research interest. 

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As a final example in this section, a contribution by Grubbs et al. is discussed. The chloride-free ruthenium hydride complex [RuH2(H2)2(PCy3)2] (37) is believed to react, in the presence of alkenes, to form an unidentified ruthenium(O) species which undergoes oxidative additions with dihalo compounds, e.g., 38, to give the corresponding ruthenium carbene complex 9 (Eq. 4) [20]. 

Binuclear [RuX2(arene)]2 (1) and mononuclear RuX2(L) (arene) (3) derivatives have been shown to be useful precursors for access to alkyl-or hydrido(arene)ruthenium complexes. The latter are key compounds for the formation of arene ruthenium(O) intermediates capable of C—H bond activation leading to new hydrido and cyclometallated ruthenium arene derivatives. Arene ruthenium carboxylates appear to be useful derivatives of alkyl-ruthenium as precursors of hydrido-ruthenium complexes their access is examined first. 

The formation of complexes 198 has been extended to provide access from the (r76-naphthalene)Ru complex 202 (80%). Compound 202 is used to produce ruthenium(O) complexes of type 198 by displacement of naphthalene in acetonitrile (127). Complex 202 is also obtained by reaction of [RuC12(COD)] with sodium naphthalene (128) [Eq. (17)]. 

RuCl2(arene)]2 complexes (1) react with 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadiene in the presence of ethanol and Na2C03 or zinc dust to give Ru°(776-arene)(V diene) compounds of type 196-198 in 60% yield [Eq. (20)] thus, this reaction appears to be the reverse of the 198-> 1 reaction [Eq. (19)]. The same reaction with ethylene leads to the bis-ethylene ruthenium(O) complex 205 (37%) (131,10). The norbornadiene complex 207 is prepared similarly from derivative 206 (125). Combination of transformations 206 - 207 [Eq. (21)] or 1 - 198 [Eq. (20)] with trans-... 

Therefore, the aim of this work was to synthesize new silacyclic and oligomeric organosilicon compounds containing easily modifiable Sl-O-R bonds, via competitive silylative coupling cyclization and polycondensation of divlnyl-substltuted silyl ethers in the presence of ruthenium hydride complex. 

The use of electricity in reactions is clean and, at least in some cases, can produce no waste. Toxic heavy metal ions need not be involved in the reaction. Hazardous or expensive reagents, if needed, can be generated in situ where contact with them will not occur. The actual oxidant is used in catalytic amounts, with its reduced form being reoxidized continuously by the electricity. In this way, 1 mol% of ruthenium(III) chloride can be used in aqueous sodium chloride to oxidize benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde at 25°C in 80% yield. The benzaldehyde can, in turn, be oxidized to benzoic acid by the same system in 90% yield.289 The actual oxidant is ruthenium tetroxide. Naphthalene can be oxidized to naphthoquinone with 98% selectivity using a small amount of cerium salt in aqueous methanesulfonic acid when the cerium(III) that forms is reoxidized to cerium(IV) electrically.290 Substituted aromatic compounds can be oxidized to the corresponding phenols electrically with a platinum electrode in trifluoroacetic acid, tri-ethylamine, and methylene chloride.291 With ethyl benzoate, the product is a mixture of 44 34 22 o/m/fhhy-... 

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